Birefringent Structures

Emission Simulation Benchmark Report

2.2 Birefringent structures

The birefringent cases comprise an isotropic control, two emitter birefringence configurations, birefringence in TFB or ZnMgO, and several birefringent layers together. All use uniaxial materials with their optical axes normal to the layers; the emitting layer is transparent and coherent.

Ordinary and extraordinary refractive indices are denoted nₒ and nₑ, with extinction coefficients kₒ and kₑ. All cases retain the same incoherent glass substrate; material parameters not listed as modified retain the base configuration.

2.2.1 Spectrum

Cases (a)–(f) compare total, s and p point by point over the complete wavelength and angle grid, with an additional independent normal-emission control for case (f). All channels have very small differences < 1 ppm. Figures show spectra at 0° in common absolute units; the two datasets are not normalized independently to their peaks.

Representative numerical values. λ = 626 nm, θ = 30°; case letters follow this section’s configuration table.

Figure 19. Birefringent structures (a), (b), (c) · Spectrum at 0° emission angle

Figure 20. Birefringent structures (d), (e), (f) · Spectrum at 0° emission angle

2.2.2 Power Dissipation

Total, s and p are assessed separately for dissipated power, top radiation and bottom radiation. All nine channels have very small differences < 1 ppm outside registered critical points. Wavelength and n_eff grids match the incoherent Power Dissipation assessment; figures show the 610 nm slice.

Values are maximum relative differences in ppm. “—” denotes an all-zero reference with exactly zero absolute difference.

Representative numerical values. λ = 610 nm, n_eff = 0.50; total component.

Figure 21. Birefringent structures (a) · Power Dissipation at 610 nm

Figure 22. Birefringent structures (b) · Power Dissipation at 610 nm

Figure 23. Birefringent structures (c) · Power Dissipation at 610 nm

Figure 24. Birefringent structures (d) · Power Dissipation at 610 nm

Figure 25. Birefringent structures (e) · Power Dissipation at 610 nm

Figure 26. Birefringent structures (f) · Power Dissipation at 610 nm

2.2.3 Mode

The comparison includes 18 configurations and 234 wavelength points. Birefringent cases (a)–(f) include Isotropic orientation at intrinsic quantum efficiencies q₀ = 1 and 0.37. Cases (b), (c) and (f) additionally include Parallel and Perpendicular orientations at q₀ = 1. Wavelengths span 560–680 nm in 10 nm steps; the intrinsic lifetime is 10 ns.

Metrics include the Purcell factor, effective quantum efficiency, lifetime, seven mode fractions and decay-rate quantities. Parallel / Perpendicular denotes dipole orientation. Mode comparisons use polarization-summed results. Figures use Isotropic orientation and q₀ = 0.37; the difference table covers all 18 configurations.

The birefringent TFB case (d) has a maximum relative Purcell difference of 1.21033 ppm and a maximum relative difference of 25.23040 ppm in the absorption fraction AL. The latter corresponds to approximately 0.002523%. All compared metrics in the other 16 configurations have very small differences < 1 ppm.

At 610 nm and q₀ = 0.37, the AL fractions in case (d) are 1.90798459% for Dreapex TMM and 1.90803273% for the reference, an absolute difference of approximately 0.00004814 percentage points. The difference is difficult to distinguish in conventional overlays but remains in the numerical statistics.

Both configurations have maximum relative differences below 0.0026%; the table lists the individual values.

2.2.4 Mode numerical comparison by configuration

Result labels use the largest relative difference across all metrics in each configuration; percentage upper bounds are rounded upward. 1 ppm = 0.0001%.

Representative numerical values. λ = 610 nm, Isotropic; absolute differences for percentages are in percentage points.

Figure 27. Birefringent structures (a) · Mode, Isotropic, q₀ = 0.37

Figure 28. Birefringent structures (b) · Mode, Isotropic, q₀ = 0.37

Figure 29. Birefringent structures (c) · Mode, Isotropic, q₀ = 0.37

Figure 30. Birefringent structures (d) · Mode, Isotropic, q₀ = 0.37

Figure 31. Birefringent structures (e) · Mode, Isotropic, q₀ = 0.37

Figure 32. Birefringent structures (f) · Mode, Isotropic, q₀ = 0.37