[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":12999},["ShallowReactive",2],{"navigation_docs_en":3,"docs:docs_en:/en/theory/emission-theory":212,"docs-surround:docs_en:/en/theory/emission-theory":12994},[4,18,43,64,85,130,154,174,199],{"title":5,"path":6,"stem":7,"children":8,"page":17},"Getting Started","/en/getting-started","en/1.getting-started",[9,13],{"title":10,"path":11,"stem":12,"children":-1},"Introduction","/en/getting-started/introduction","en/1.getting-started/1.introduction",{"title":14,"path":15,"stem":16,"children":-1},"Quick Start","/en/getting-started/quick-start","en/1.getting-started/2.quick-start",false,{"title":19,"path":20,"stem":21,"children":22,"page":17},"Theory","/en/theory","en/2.theory",[23,27,31,35,39],{"title":24,"path":25,"stem":26,"children":-1},"Transfer-Matrix Method","/en/theory/tmm-theory","en/2.theory/1.tmm-theory",{"title":28,"path":29,"stem":30,"children":-1},"Optical Concepts","/en/theory/optical-concepts","en/2.theory/2.optical-concepts",{"title":32,"path":33,"stem":34,"children":-1},"Depth-Resolved Quantities","/en/theory/depth-quantities","en/2.theory/3.depth-quantities",{"title":36,"path":37,"stem":38,"children":-1},"Dispersion Theory","/en/theory/dispersion-theory","en/2.theory/4.dispersion-theory",{"title":40,"path":41,"stem":42,"children":-1},"Emission Physics","/en/theory/emission-theory","en/2.theory/5.emission-theory",{"title":44,"path":45,"stem":46,"children":47,"page":17},"Propagation Simulation","/en/guide","en/3.guide",[48,52,56,60],{"title":49,"path":50,"stem":51,"children":-1},"Structure Configuration","/en/guide/structure","en/3.guide/1.structure",{"title":53,"path":54,"stem":55,"children":-1},"Optical Parameters","/en/guide/optics","en/3.guide/2.optics",{"title":57,"path":58,"stem":59,"children":-1},"Parameter Sweep","/en/guide/sweep","en/3.guide/3.sweep",{"title":61,"path":62,"stem":63,"children":-1},"Optimizer","/en/guide/optimizer","en/3.guide/4.optimizer",{"title":65,"path":66,"stem":67,"children":68,"page":17},"Emission Simulation","/en/emission","en/4.emission",[69,73,77,81],{"title":70,"path":71,"stem":72,"children":-1},"Overview","/en/emission/overview","en/4.emission/1.overview",{"title":74,"path":75,"stem":76,"children":-1},"Emitter Setup","/en/emission/emitter-setup","en/4.emission/2.emitter-setup",{"title":78,"path":79,"stem":80,"children":-1},"Emission Detectors","/en/emission/detectors","en/4.emission/3.detectors",{"title":82,"path":83,"stem":84,"children":-1},"Swept Emission","/en/emission/sweep","en/4.emission/4.sweep",{"title":86,"path":87,"stem":88,"children":89,"page":17},"Results","/en/results","en/5.results",[90,94,98,102,106,110,114,118,122,126],{"title":91,"path":92,"stem":93,"children":-1},"Basic Optical Results","/en/results/basic-results","en/5.results/1.basic-results",{"title":95,"path":96,"stem":97,"children":-1},"Mode & Emission","/en/results/emission-mode","en/5.results/10.emission-mode",{"title":99,"path":100,"stem":101,"children":-1},"Spectrum and Color Analysis","/en/results/spectrum-color","en/5.results/2.spectrum-color",{"title":103,"path":104,"stem":105,"children":-1},"Ellipsometry Results","/en/results/ellipsometry","en/5.results/3.ellipsometry",{"title":107,"path":108,"stem":109,"children":-1},"Depth Distribution Results","/en/results/depth-distribution","en/5.results/4.depth-distribution",{"title":111,"path":112,"stem":113,"children":-1},"Optimization Report","/en/results/optimization-report","en/5.results/5.optimization-report",{"title":115,"path":116,"stem":117,"children":-1},"Dispersion Results","/en/results/dispersion","en/5.results/6.dispersion",{"title":119,"path":120,"stem":121,"children":-1},"Power Dissipation","/en/results/power-dissipation","en/5.results/7.power-dissipation",{"title":123,"path":124,"stem":125,"children":-1},"Intensity","/en/results/emission-intensity","en/5.results/8.emission-intensity",{"title":127,"path":128,"stem":129,"children":-1},"Intensity Color","/en/results/emission-color","en/5.results/9.emission-color",{"title":131,"path":132,"stem":133,"children":134,"page":17},"Optimization Analysis","/en/analysis","en/6.analysis",[135,138,142,146,150],{"title":70,"path":136,"stem":137,"children":-1},"/en/analysis/overview","en/6.analysis/1.overview",{"title":139,"path":140,"stem":141,"children":-1},"RTA and Layer Absorption Analysis","/en/analysis/rta-layer-absorption","en/6.analysis/2.rta-layer-absorption",{"title":143,"path":144,"stem":145,"children":-1},"Ellipsometry Analysis","/en/analysis/ellipsometry-analysis","en/6.analysis/3.ellipsometry-analysis",{"title":147,"path":148,"stem":149,"children":-1},"Depth Detector Analysis","/en/analysis/depth-detector-analysis","en/6.analysis/4.depth-detector-analysis",{"title":151,"path":152,"stem":153,"children":-1},"Dispersion Analysis","/en/analysis/dispersion-analysis","en/6.analysis/5.dispersion-analysis",{"title":155,"path":156,"stem":157,"children":158,"page":17},"Case Studies","/en/case-studies","en/7.case-studies",[159,162,166,170],{"title":70,"path":160,"stem":161,"children":-1},"/en/case-studies/overview","en/7.case-studies/1.overview",{"title":163,"path":164,"stem":165,"children":-1},"Omnidirectional Reflector","/en/case-studies/omnidirectional-reflector","en/7.case-studies/2.omnidirectional-reflector",{"title":167,"path":168,"stem":169,"children":-1},"Tamm Plasmon at a Metal-DBR Interface","/en/case-studies/tamm-plasmon","en/7.case-studies/3.tamm-plasmon",{"title":171,"path":172,"stem":173,"children":-1},"Ultrathin Absorbing Interference Coatings","/en/case-studies/ultrathin-absorbing-coatings","en/7.case-studies/4.ultrathin-absorbing-coatings",{"title":175,"path":176,"stem":177,"children":178,"page":17},"Advanced","/en/advanced","en/8.advanced",[179,183,187,191,195],{"title":180,"path":181,"stem":182,"children":-1},"Data Import and Export","/en/advanced/data-management","en/8.advanced/1.data-management",{"title":184,"path":185,"stem":186,"children":-1},"Settings and Logs","/en/advanced/settings","en/8.advanced/2.settings",{"title":188,"path":189,"stem":190,"children":-1},"Case Library","/en/advanced/case-library","en/8.advanced/3.case-library",{"title":192,"path":193,"stem":194,"children":-1},"Model File Import / Export","/en/advanced/model-file","en/8.advanced/4.model-file",{"title":196,"path":197,"stem":198,"children":-1},"URL Config Sharing","/en/advanced/url-sharing","en/8.advanced/5.url-sharing",{"title":200,"path":201,"stem":202,"children":203,"page":17},"AI","/en/ai","en/9.ai",[204,208],{"title":205,"path":206,"stem":207,"children":-1},"MCP","/en/ai/mcp","en/9.ai/1.mcp",{"title":209,"path":210,"stem":211,"children":-1},"AI Assistant","/en/ai/chat","en/9.ai/2.chat",{"id":213,"title":40,"body":214,"description":12987,"extension":12988,"links":12989,"meta":12990,"navigation":12991,"path":41,"seo":12992,"stem":42,"__hash__":12993},"docs_en/en/2.theory/5.emission-theory.md",{"type":215,"value":216,"toc":12975},"minimark",[217,221,226,229,318,321,325,328,772,786,789,793,796,1093,1468,1676,1679,1855,1858,1865,2172,2567,2921,2924,3361,3422,3706,3783,4222,4226,4330,4658,4838,5332,5335,5338,5845,5996,5999,6003,6006,6593,7103,7269,7618,8362,8902,9389,9565,9722,9726,10013,12004,12194,12480,12484,12488,12962,12966],[218,219,220],"p",{},"This chapter presents the emission physics of layered devices in the order of dipole source, efficiency decomposition, microcavity/waveguide/SPP, power dissipation and in-plane wave vector, and optical modes, then maps those quantities to the app's emission outputs.",[222,223,225],"h2",{"id":224},"chapter-scope","Chapter Scope",[218,227,228],{},"An external plane wave enters the stack from the surrounding medium; by contrast, emission simulation models the exciton as a radiating point dipole inside the stack. The point-dipole multilayer model applies when each layer is a flat thin film and the device lateral area is much larger than the functional-layer thickness (high width-to-height ratio); edge effects of small-area, thick devices are not captured.",[230,231,232,248],"table",{},[233,234,235],"thead",{},[236,237,238,242,245],"tr",{},[239,240,241],"th",{},"Physical object",[239,243,244],{},"Model description",[239,246,247],{},"Simulation consequence",[249,250,251,263,274,285,296,307],"tbody",{},[236,252,253,257,260],{},[254,255,256],"td",{},"Emission source",[254,258,259],{},"Radiating point dipole inside the stack",[254,261,262],{},"Internal source, as opposed to external plane-wave excitation",[236,264,265,268,271],{},[254,266,267],{},"Spectrum",[254,269,270],{},"Intensity vs wavelength (measurable)",[254,272,273],{},"Forward emission spectrum",[236,275,276,279,282],{},[254,277,278],{},"Angular distribution",[254,280,281],{},"Intensity vs angle (measurable)",[254,283,284],{},"Forward angular intensity",[236,286,287,290,293],{},[254,288,289],{},"Power dissipation",[254,291,292],{},"Dissipated power vs in-plane wave vector (not directly measurable)",[254,294,295],{},"Dispersion basis for separating loss channels",[236,297,298,301,304],{},[254,299,300],{},"Optical mode",[254,302,303],{},"Loss-channel share distribution (not measurable)",[254,305,306],{},"Outcoupling, waveguide, evanescent, absorption, and nonradiative shares",[236,308,309,312,315],{},[254,310,311],{},"Purcell factor",[254,313,314],{},"Spontaneous-emission property affecting IQE (hard to measure)",[254,316,317],{},"Structural modulation of the spontaneous-emission rate",[218,319,320],{},"Together these quantities are used to investigate microcavity, Purcell, planar-waveguide, optical-tunneling, and surface-plasmon-polariton (SPP) effects.",[222,322,324],{"id":323},"dipole-emission-and-orientation","Dipole Emission and Orientation",[218,326,327],{},"Unoriented emitters radiate isotropically; isotropic emission is the weighted sum of vertical (z) and horizontal (x,y) dipole radiated-power densities,",[329,330,333],"span",{"className":331},[332],"katex-display",[329,334,337,420],{"className":335},[336],"katex",[329,338,341],{"className":339},[340],"katex-mathml",[342,343,346],"math",{"xmlns":344,"display":345},"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML","block",[347,348,349,415],"semantics",{},[350,351,352,370,374,389,396,399,408],"mrow",{},[353,354,355,359],"msub",{},[356,357,358],"mi",{},"K",[350,360,361,364,367],{},[356,362,363],{},"i",[356,365,366],{},"s",[356,368,369],{},"o",[371,372,373],"mo",{},"=",[375,376,379],"mstyle",{"scriptlevel":377,"displaystyle":378},"0","false",[380,381,382,386],"mfrac",{},[383,384,385],"mn",{},"1",[383,387,388],{},"3",[353,390,391,393],{},[356,392,358],{},[356,394,395],{},"v",[371,397,398],{},"+",[375,400,401],{"scriptlevel":377,"displaystyle":378},[380,402,403,406],{},[383,404,405],{},"2",[383,407,388],{},[353,409,410,412],{},[356,411,358],{},[356,413,414],{},"h",[416,417,419],"annotation",{"encoding":418},"application/x-tex","K_{iso}=\\tfrac{1}{3}K_{v}+\\tfrac{2}{3}K_{h}",[329,421,425,512,654],{"className":422,"ariaHidden":424},[423],"katex-html","true",[329,426,429,434,500,505,509],{"className":427},[428],"base",[329,430],{"className":431,"style":433},[432],"strut","height:0.8333em;vertical-align:-0.15em;",[329,435,438,443],{"className":436},[437],"mord",[329,439,358],{"className":440,"style":442},[437,441],"mathnormal","margin-right:0.07153em;",[329,444,447],{"className":445},[446],"msupsub",[329,448,452,491],{"className":449},[450,451],"vlist-t","vlist-t2",[329,453,456,486],{"className":454},[455],"vlist-r",[329,457,461],{"className":458,"style":460},[459],"vlist","height:0.3117em;",[329,462,464,469],{"style":463},"top:-2.55em;margin-left:-0.0715em;margin-right:0.05em;",[329,465],{"className":466,"style":468},[467],"pstrut","height:2.7em;",[329,470,476],{"className":471},[472,473,474,475],"sizing","reset-size6","size3","mtight",[329,477,479,482],{"className":478},[437,475],[329,480,363],{"className":481},[437,441,475],[329,483,485],{"className":484},[437,441,475],"so",[329,487,490],{"className":488},[489],"vlist-s","​",[329,492,494],{"className":493},[455],[329,495,498],{"className":496,"style":497},[459],"height:0.15em;",[329,499],{},[329,501],{"className":502,"style":504},[503],"mspace","margin-right:0.2778em;",[329,506,373],{"className":507},[508],"mrel",[329,510],{"className":511,"style":504},[503],[329,513,515,519,598,643,647,651],{"className":514},[428],[329,516],{"className":517,"style":518},[432],"height:1.1901em;vertical-align:-0.345em;",[329,520,522,527,594],{"className":521},[437],[329,523],{"className":524},[525,526],"mopen","nulldelimiter",[329,528,530],{"className":529},[380],[329,531,533,585],{"className":532},[450,451],[329,534,536,582],{"className":535},[455],[329,537,540,556,567],{"className":538,"style":539},[459],"height:0.8451em;",[329,541,543,547],{"style":542},"top:-2.655em;",[329,544],{"className":545,"style":546},[467],"height:3em;",[329,548,550],{"className":549},[472,473,474,475],[329,551,553],{"className":552},[437,475],[329,554,388],{"className":555},[437,475],[329,557,559,562],{"style":558},"top:-3.23em;",[329,560],{"className":561,"style":546},[467],[329,563],{"className":564,"style":566},[565],"frac-line","border-bottom-width:0.04em;",[329,568,570,573],{"style":569},"top:-3.394em;",[329,571],{"className":572,"style":546},[467],[329,574,576],{"className":575},[472,473,474,475],[329,577,579],{"className":578},[437,475],[329,580,385],{"className":581},[437,475],[329,583,490],{"className":584},[489],[329,586,588],{"className":587},[455],[329,589,592],{"className":590,"style":591},[459],"height:0.345em;",[329,593],{},[329,595],{"className":596},[597,526],"mclose",[329,599,601,604],{"className":600},[437],[329,602,358],{"className":603,"style":442},[437,441],[329,605,607],{"className":606},[446],[329,608,610,635],{"className":609},[450,451],[329,611,613,632],{"className":612},[455],[329,614,617],{"className":615,"style":616},[459],"height:0.1514em;",[329,618,619,622],{"style":463},[329,620],{"className":621,"style":468},[467],[329,623,625],{"className":624},[472,473,474,475],[329,626,628],{"className":627},[437,475],[329,629,395],{"className":630,"style":631},[437,441,475],"margin-right:0.03588em;",[329,633,490],{"className":634},[489],[329,636,638],{"className":637},[455],[329,639,641],{"className":640,"style":497},[459],[329,642],{},[329,644],{"className":645,"style":646},[503],"margin-right:0.2222em;",[329,648,398],{"className":649},[650],"mbin",[329,652],{"className":653,"style":646},[503],[329,655,657,660,728],{"className":656},[428],[329,658],{"className":659,"style":518},[432],[329,661,663,666,725],{"className":662},[437],[329,664],{"className":665},[525,526],[329,667,669],{"className":668},[380],[329,670,672,717],{"className":671},[450,451],[329,673,675,714],{"className":674},[455],[329,676,678,692,700],{"className":677,"style":539},[459],[329,679,680,683],{"style":542},[329,681],{"className":682,"style":546},[467],[329,684,686],{"className":685},[472,473,474,475],[329,687,689],{"className":688},[437,475],[329,690,388],{"className":691},[437,475],[329,693,694,697],{"style":558},[329,695],{"className":696,"style":546},[467],[329,698],{"className":699,"style":566},[565],[329,701,702,705],{"style":569},[329,703],{"className":704,"style":546},[467],[329,706,708],{"className":707},[472,473,474,475],[329,709,711],{"className":710},[437,475],[329,712,405],{"className":713},[437,475],[329,715,490],{"className":716},[489],[329,718,720],{"className":719},[455],[329,721,723],{"className":722,"style":591},[459],[329,724],{},[329,726],{"className":727},[597,526],[329,729,731,734],{"className":730},[437],[329,732,358],{"className":733,"style":442},[437,441],[329,735,737],{"className":736},[446],[329,738,740,764],{"className":739},[450,451],[329,741,743,761],{"className":742},[455],[329,744,747],{"className":745,"style":746},[459],"height:0.3361em;",[329,748,749,752],{"style":463},[329,750],{"className":751,"style":468},[467],[329,753,755],{"className":754},[472,473,474,475],[329,756,758],{"className":757},[437,475],[329,759,414],{"className":760},[437,441,475],[329,762,490],{"className":763},[489],[329,765,767],{"className":766},[455],[329,768,770],{"className":769,"style":497},[459],[329,771],{},[218,773,774,775,779,780,782,783,785],{},"where ",[776,777,778],"code",{},"iso"," is isotropic, ",[776,781,395],{}," is vertical (z), and ",[776,784,414],{}," is horizontal (x,y). A vertical dipole radiates its far field mainly in-plane (no far-field radiation along z); a horizontal dipole radiates mainly along z (out of plane).",[218,787,788],{},"Because the emission layer (EML) index exceeds air, light beyond the critical angle is totally internally reflected at the interface and cannot escape, forming the escape cone. Horizontal dipoles place more power inside the escape cone, so they yield substantially higher light extraction efficiency (LEE) than vertical dipoles, whose energy largely becomes loss.",[222,790,792],{"id":791},"quantum-efficiency-purcell-and-eqe","Quantum Efficiency, Purcell, and EQE",[218,794,795],{},"The external quantum efficiency (EQE) of an OLED decomposes into the internal quantum efficiency (IQE) times the light extraction efficiency (LEE):",[329,797,799],{"className":798},[332],[329,800,802,888],{"className":801},[336],[329,803,805],{"className":804},[340],[342,806,807],{"xmlns":344,"display":345},[347,808,809,885],{},[350,810,811,814,817,819,821,824,826,828,831,834,836,838,840,843,847,860,862,877,879,881,883],{},[356,812,813],{},"E",[356,815,816],{},"Q",[356,818,813],{},[371,820,373],{},[356,822,823],{},"I",[356,825,816],{},[356,827,813],{},[371,829,830],{},"×",[356,832,833],{},"L",[356,835,813],{},[356,837,813],{},[371,839,373],{},[356,841,842],{},"γ",[844,845,846],"mtext",{}," ",[353,848,849,852],{},[356,850,851],{},"χ",[350,853,854,857],{},[356,855,856],{},"S",[356,858,859],{},"T",[844,861,846],{},[353,863,864,867],{},[356,865,866],{},"q",[350,868,869,872,875],{},[356,870,871],{},"e",[356,873,874],{},"f",[356,876,874],{},[844,878,846],{},[356,880,833],{},[356,882,813],{},[356,884,813],{},[416,886,887],{"encoding":418},"EQE = IQE\\times LEE = \\gamma\\,\\chi_{ST}\\,q_{eff}\\,LEE",[329,889,891,915,937,962],{"className":890,"ariaHidden":424},[423],[329,892,894,898,902,906,909,912],{"className":893},[428],[329,895],{"className":896,"style":897},[432],"height:0.8778em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;",[329,899,813],{"className":900,"style":901},[437,441],"margin-right:0.05764em;",[329,903,905],{"className":904,"style":901},[437,441],"QE",[329,907],{"className":908,"style":504},[503],[329,910,373],{"className":911},[508],[329,913],{"className":914,"style":504},[503],[329,916,918,921,925,928,931,934],{"className":917},[428],[329,919],{"className":920,"style":897},[432],[329,922,823],{"className":923,"style":924},[437,441],"margin-right:0.07847em;",[329,926,905],{"className":927,"style":901},[437,441],[329,929],{"className":930,"style":646},[503],[329,932,830],{"className":933},[650],[329,935],{"className":936,"style":646},[503],[329,938,940,944,947,950,953,956,959],{"className":939},[428],[329,941],{"className":942,"style":943},[432],"height:0.6833em;",[329,945,833],{"className":946},[437,441],[329,948,813],{"className":949,"style":901},[437,441],[329,951,813],{"className":952,"style":901},[437,441],[329,954],{"className":955,"style":504},[503],[329,957,373],{"className":958},[508],[329,960],{"className":961,"style":504},[503],[329,963,965,969,973,977,1026,1029,1081,1084,1087,1090],{"className":964},[428],[329,966],{"className":967,"style":968},[432],"height:0.9694em;vertical-align:-0.2861em;",[329,970,842],{"className":971,"style":972},[437,441],"margin-right:0.05556em;",[329,974],{"className":975,"style":976},[503],"margin-right:0.1667em;",[329,978,980,983],{"className":979},[437],[329,981,851],{"className":982},[437,441],[329,984,986],{"className":985},[446],[329,987,989,1018],{"className":988},[450,451],[329,990,992,1015],{"className":991},[455],[329,993,996],{"className":994,"style":995},[459],"height:0.3283em;",[329,997,999,1002],{"style":998},"top:-2.55em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;",[329,1000],{"className":1001,"style":468},[467],[329,1003,1005],{"className":1004},[472,473,474,475],[329,1006,1008,1011],{"className":1007},[437,475],[329,1009,856],{"className":1010,"style":901},[437,441,475],[329,1012,859],{"className":1013,"style":1014},[437,441,475],"margin-right:0.13889em;",[329,1016,490],{"className":1017},[489],[329,1019,1021],{"className":1020},[455],[329,1022,1024],{"className":1023,"style":497},[459],[329,1025],{},[329,1027],{"className":1028,"style":976},[503],[329,1030,1032,1035],{"className":1031},[437],[329,1033,866],{"className":1034,"style":631},[437,441],[329,1036,1038],{"className":1037},[446],[329,1039,1041,1072],{"className":1040},[450,451],[329,1042,1044,1069],{"className":1043},[455],[329,1045,1047],{"className":1046,"style":746},[459],[329,1048,1050,1053],{"style":1049},"top:-2.55em;margin-left:-0.0359em;margin-right:0.05em;",[329,1051],{"className":1052,"style":468},[467],[329,1054,1056],{"className":1055},[472,473,474,475],[329,1057,1059,1062,1066],{"className":1058},[437,475],[329,1060,871],{"className":1061},[437,441,475],[329,1063,874],{"className":1064,"style":1065},[437,441,475],"margin-right:0.10764em;",[329,1067,874],{"className":1068,"style":1065},[437,441,475],[329,1070,490],{"className":1071},[489],[329,1073,1075],{"className":1074},[455],[329,1076,1079],{"className":1077,"style":1078},[459],"height:0.2861em;",[329,1080],{},[329,1082],{"className":1083,"style":976},[503],[329,1085,833],{"className":1086},[437,441],[329,1088,813],{"className":1089,"style":901},[437,441],[329,1091,813],{"className":1092,"style":901},[437,441],[218,1094,774,1095,1125,1126,1206,1207,1260,1261,1347,1348,1387,1388,1467],{},[329,1096,1098,1112],{"className":1097},[336],[329,1099,1101],{"className":1100},[340],[342,1102,1103],{"xmlns":344},[347,1104,1105,1109],{},[350,1106,1107],{},[356,1108,842],{},[416,1110,1111],{"encoding":418},"\\gamma",[329,1113,1115],{"className":1114,"ariaHidden":424},[423],[329,1116,1118,1122],{"className":1117},[428],[329,1119],{"className":1120,"style":1121},[432],"height:0.625em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;",[329,1123,842],{"className":1124,"style":972},[437,441]," is the charge-carrier balance factor, ",[329,1127,1129,1151],{"className":1128},[336],[329,1130,1132],{"className":1131},[340],[342,1133,1134],{"xmlns":344},[347,1135,1136,1148],{},[350,1137,1138],{},[353,1139,1140,1142],{},[356,1141,851],{},[350,1143,1144,1146],{},[356,1145,856],{},[356,1147,859],{},[416,1149,1150],{"encoding":418},"\\chi_{ST}",[329,1152,1154],{"className":1153,"ariaHidden":424},[423],[329,1155,1157,1160],{"className":1156},[428],[329,1158],{"className":1159,"style":1121},[432],[329,1161,1163,1166],{"className":1162},[437],[329,1164,851],{"className":1165},[437,441],[329,1167,1169],{"className":1168},[446],[329,1170,1172,1198],{"className":1171},[450,451],[329,1173,1175,1195],{"className":1174},[455],[329,1176,1178],{"className":1177,"style":995},[459],[329,1179,1180,1183],{"style":998},[329,1181],{"className":1182,"style":468},[467],[329,1184,1186],{"className":1185},[472,473,474,475],[329,1187,1189,1192],{"className":1188},[437,475],[329,1190,856],{"className":1191,"style":901},[437,441,475],[329,1193,859],{"className":1194,"style":1014},[437,441,475],[329,1196,490],{"className":1197},[489],[329,1199,1201],{"className":1200},[455],[329,1202,1204],{"className":1203,"style":497},[459],[329,1205],{}," is the spin formation ratio (",[329,1208,1210,1233],{"className":1209},[336],[329,1211,1213],{"className":1212},[340],[342,1214,1215],{"xmlns":344},[347,1216,1217,1230],{},[350,1218,1219,1221,1223,1227],{},[371,1220,373],{},[383,1222,385],{},[356,1224,1226],{"mathvariant":1225},"normal","/",[383,1228,1229],{},"4",[416,1231,1232],{"encoding":418},"=1/4",[329,1234,1236,1249],{"className":1235,"ariaHidden":424},[423],[329,1237,1239,1243,1246],{"className":1238},[428],[329,1240],{"className":1241,"style":1242},[432],"height:0.3669em;",[329,1244,373],{"className":1245},[508],[329,1247],{"className":1248,"style":504},[503],[329,1250,1252,1256],{"className":1251},[428],[329,1253],{"className":1254,"style":1255},[432],"height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;",[329,1257,1259],{"className":1258},[437],"1/4"," for purely random singlet/triplet formation), ",[329,1262,1264,1288],{"className":1263},[336],[329,1265,1267],{"className":1266},[340],[342,1268,1269],{"xmlns":344},[347,1270,1271,1285],{},[350,1272,1273],{},[353,1274,1275,1277],{},[356,1276,866],{},[350,1278,1279,1281,1283],{},[356,1280,871],{},[356,1282,874],{},[356,1284,874],{},[416,1286,1287],{"encoding":418},"q_{eff}",[329,1289,1291],{"className":1290,"ariaHidden":424},[423],[329,1292,1294,1298],{"className":1293},[428],[329,1295],{"className":1296,"style":1297},[432],"height:0.7167em;vertical-align:-0.2861em;",[329,1299,1301,1304],{"className":1300},[437],[329,1302,866],{"className":1303,"style":631},[437,441],[329,1305,1307],{"className":1306},[446],[329,1308,1310,1339],{"className":1309},[450,451],[329,1311,1313,1336],{"className":1312},[455],[329,1314,1316],{"className":1315,"style":746},[459],[329,1317,1318,1321],{"style":1049},[329,1319],{"className":1320,"style":468},[467],[329,1322,1324],{"className":1323},[472,473,474,475],[329,1325,1327,1330,1333],{"className":1326},[437,475],[329,1328,871],{"className":1329},[437,441,475],[329,1331,874],{"className":1332,"style":1065},[437,441,475],[329,1334,874],{"className":1335,"style":1065},[437,441,475],[329,1337,490],{"className":1338},[489],[329,1340,1342],{"className":1341},[455],[329,1343,1345],{"className":1344,"style":1078},[459],[329,1346],{}," is the effective quantum efficiency, and ",[329,1349,1351,1369],{"className":1350},[336],[329,1352,1354],{"className":1353},[340],[342,1355,1356],{"xmlns":344},[347,1357,1358,1366],{},[350,1359,1360,1362,1364],{},[356,1361,833],{},[356,1363,813],{},[356,1365,813],{},[416,1367,1368],{"encoding":418},"LEE",[329,1370,1372],{"className":1371,"ariaHidden":424},[423],[329,1373,1375,1378,1381,1384],{"className":1374},[428],[329,1376],{"className":1377,"style":943},[432],[329,1379,833],{"className":1380},[437,441],[329,1382,813],{"className":1383,"style":901},[437,441],[329,1385,813],{"className":1386,"style":901},[437,441]," is the light extraction efficiency. QLED/PeLED have no spin-statistics bottleneck, so ",[329,1389,1391,1412],{"className":1390},[336],[329,1392,1394],{"className":1393},[340],[342,1395,1396],{"xmlns":344},[347,1397,1398,1410],{},[350,1399,1400],{},[353,1401,1402,1404],{},[356,1403,851],{},[350,1405,1406,1408],{},[356,1407,856],{},[356,1409,859],{},[416,1411,1150],{"encoding":418},[329,1413,1415],{"className":1414,"ariaHidden":424},[423],[329,1416,1418,1421],{"className":1417},[428],[329,1419],{"className":1420,"style":1121},[432],[329,1422,1424,1427],{"className":1423},[437],[329,1425,851],{"className":1426},[437,441],[329,1428,1430],{"className":1429},[446],[329,1431,1433,1459],{"className":1432},[450,451],[329,1434,1436,1456],{"className":1435},[455],[329,1437,1439],{"className":1438,"style":995},[459],[329,1440,1441,1444],{"style":998},[329,1442],{"className":1443,"style":468},[467],[329,1445,1447],{"className":1446},[472,473,474,475],[329,1448,1450,1453],{"className":1449},[437,475],[329,1451,856],{"className":1452,"style":901},[437,441,475],[329,1454,859],{"className":1455,"style":1014},[437,441,475],[329,1457,490],{"className":1458},[489],[329,1460,1462],{"className":1461},[455],[329,1463,1465],{"className":1464,"style":497},[459],[329,1466],{}," drops out:",[329,1469,1471],{"className":1470},[332],[329,1472,1474,1534],{"className":1473},[336],[329,1475,1477],{"className":1476},[340],[342,1478,1479],{"xmlns":344,"display":345},[347,1480,1481,1531],{},[350,1482,1483,1485,1487,1489,1491,1493,1495,1497,1499,1501,1503,1505,1507,1509,1511,1523,1525,1527,1529],{},[356,1484,813],{},[356,1486,816],{},[356,1488,813],{},[371,1490,373],{},[356,1492,823],{},[356,1494,816],{},[356,1496,813],{},[371,1498,830],{},[356,1500,833],{},[356,1502,813],{},[356,1504,813],{},[371,1506,373],{},[356,1508,842],{},[844,1510,846],{},[353,1512,1513,1515],{},[356,1514,866],{},[350,1516,1517,1519,1521],{},[356,1518,871],{},[356,1520,874],{},[356,1522,874],{},[844,1524,846],{},[356,1526,833],{},[356,1528,813],{},[356,1530,813],{},[416,1532,1533],{"encoding":418},"EQE = IQE\\times LEE = \\gamma\\,q_{eff}\\,LEE",[329,1535,1537,1558,1579,1603],{"className":1536,"ariaHidden":424},[423],[329,1538,1540,1543,1546,1549,1552,1555],{"className":1539},[428],[329,1541],{"className":1542,"style":897},[432],[329,1544,813],{"className":1545,"style":901},[437,441],[329,1547,905],{"className":1548,"style":901},[437,441],[329,1550],{"className":1551,"style":504},[503],[329,1553,373],{"className":1554},[508],[329,1556],{"className":1557,"style":504},[503],[329,1559,1561,1564,1567,1570,1573,1576],{"className":1560},[428],[329,1562],{"className":1563,"style":897},[432],[329,1565,823],{"className":1566,"style":924},[437,441],[329,1568,905],{"className":1569,"style":901},[437,441],[329,1571],{"className":1572,"style":646},[503],[329,1574,830],{"className":1575},[650],[329,1577],{"className":1578,"style":646},[503],[329,1580,1582,1585,1588,1591,1594,1597,1600],{"className":1581},[428],[329,1583],{"className":1584,"style":943},[432],[329,1586,833],{"className":1587},[437,441],[329,1589,813],{"className":1590,"style":901},[437,441],[329,1592,813],{"className":1593,"style":901},[437,441],[329,1595],{"className":1596,"style":504},[503],[329,1598,373],{"className":1599},[508],[329,1601],{"className":1602,"style":504},[503],[329,1604,1606,1609,1612,1615,1664,1667,1670,1673],{"className":1605},[428],[329,1607],{"className":1608,"style":968},[432],[329,1610,842],{"className":1611,"style":972},[437,441],[329,1613],{"className":1614,"style":976},[503],[329,1616,1618,1621],{"className":1617},[437],[329,1619,866],{"className":1620,"style":631},[437,441],[329,1622,1624],{"className":1623},[446],[329,1625,1627,1656],{"className":1626},[450,451],[329,1628,1630,1653],{"className":1629},[455],[329,1631,1633],{"className":1632,"style":746},[459],[329,1634,1635,1638],{"style":1049},[329,1636],{"className":1637,"style":468},[467],[329,1639,1641],{"className":1640},[472,473,474,475],[329,1642,1644,1647,1650],{"className":1643},[437,475],[329,1645,871],{"className":1646},[437,441,475],[329,1648,874],{"className":1649,"style":1065},[437,441,475],[329,1651,874],{"className":1652,"style":1065},[437,441,475],[329,1654,490],{"className":1655},[489],[329,1657,1659],{"className":1658},[455],[329,1660,1662],{"className":1661,"style":1078},[459],[329,1663],{},[329,1665],{"className":1666,"style":976},[503],[329,1668,833],{"className":1669},[437,441],[329,1671,813],{"className":1672,"style":901},[437,441],[329,1674,813],{"className":1675,"style":901},[437,441],[218,1677,1678],{},"LEE is defined as the ratio of photons entering the surrounding medium to photons emitted by the EML, also called outcoupling efficiency. For a Lambertian emitter, geometric optics gives the limit",[329,1680,1682],{"className":1681},[332],[329,1683,1685,1721],{"className":1684},[336],[329,1686,1688],{"className":1687},[340],[342,1689,1690],{"xmlns":344,"display":345},[347,1691,1692,1718],{},[350,1693,1694,1696,1698,1700,1702],{},[356,1695,833],{},[356,1697,813],{},[356,1699,813],{},[371,1701,373],{},[380,1703,1704,1706],{},[383,1705,385],{},[350,1707,1708,1710],{},[383,1709,405],{},[1711,1712,1713,1716],"msup",{},[356,1714,1715],{},"n",[383,1717,405],{},[416,1719,1720],{"encoding":418},"LEE=\\frac{1}{2n^{2}}",[329,1722,1724,1748],{"className":1723,"ariaHidden":424},[423],[329,1725,1727,1730,1733,1736,1739,1742,1745],{"className":1726},[428],[329,1728],{"className":1729,"style":943},[432],[329,1731,833],{"className":1732},[437,441],[329,1734,813],{"className":1735,"style":901},[437,441],[329,1737,813],{"className":1738,"style":901},[437,441],[329,1740],{"className":1741,"style":504},[503],[329,1743,373],{"className":1744},[508],[329,1746],{"className":1747,"style":504},[503],[329,1749,1751,1755],{"className":1750},[428],[329,1752],{"className":1753,"style":1754},[432],"height:2.0074em;vertical-align:-0.686em;",[329,1756,1758,1761,1852],{"className":1757},[437],[329,1759],{"className":1760},[525,526],[329,1762,1764],{"className":1763},[380],[329,1765,1767,1843],{"className":1766},[450,451],[329,1768,1770,1840],{"className":1769},[455],[329,1771,1774,1820,1828],{"className":1772,"style":1773},[459],"height:1.3214em;",[329,1775,1777,1780],{"style":1776},"top:-2.314em;",[329,1778],{"className":1779,"style":546},[467],[329,1781,1783,1786],{"className":1782},[437],[329,1784,405],{"className":1785},[437],[329,1787,1789,1792],{"className":1788},[437],[329,1790,1715],{"className":1791},[437,441],[329,1793,1795],{"className":1794},[446],[329,1796,1798],{"className":1797},[450],[329,1799,1801],{"className":1800},[455],[329,1802,1805],{"className":1803,"style":1804},[459],"height:0.7401em;",[329,1806,1808,1811],{"style":1807},"top:-2.989em;margin-right:0.05em;",[329,1809],{"className":1810,"style":468},[467],[329,1812,1814],{"className":1813},[472,473,474,475],[329,1815,1817],{"className":1816},[437,475],[329,1818,405],{"className":1819},[437,475],[329,1821,1822,1825],{"style":558},[329,1823],{"className":1824,"style":546},[467],[329,1826],{"className":1827,"style":566},[565],[329,1829,1831,1834],{"style":1830},"top:-3.677em;",[329,1832],{"className":1833,"style":546},[467],[329,1835,1837],{"className":1836},[437],[329,1838,385],{"className":1839},[437],[329,1841,490],{"className":1842},[489],[329,1844,1846],{"className":1845},[455],[329,1847,1850],{"className":1848,"style":1849},[459],"height:0.686em;",[329,1851],{},[329,1853],{"className":1854},[597,526],[218,1856,1857],{},"so higher-index emission layers (such as QLED/PeLED) have lower geometric LEE. This is only an approximation: because device layers are sub-wavelength, microcavity, Purcell, waveguide, and SPP effects coexist, Snell-based geometric optics cannot resolve the loss budget, and a wave-optics (CPS-type) model is required.",[218,1859,1860,1864],{},[1861,1862,1863],"strong",{},"Spontaneous emission is not an intrinsic material property; the optical environment (device structure) modifies it",", so quantum efficiency can be engineered structurally. The environment-modified radiative decay rate is",[329,1866,1868],{"className":1867},[332],[329,1869,1871,1928],{"className":1870},[336],[329,1872,1874],{"className":1873},[340],[342,1875,1876],{"xmlns":344,"display":345},[347,1877,1878,1925],{},[350,1879,1880,1883,1885,1891,1897,1900,1902,1905,1907,1910,1916,1919],{},[356,1881,1882],{},"b",[371,1884,373],{},[353,1886,1887,1889],{},[356,1888,866],{},[383,1890,377],{},[353,1892,1893,1895],{},[356,1894,1882],{},[383,1896,377],{},[356,1898,1899],{},"F",[371,1901,398],{},[371,1903,1904],{"stretchy":378},"(",[383,1906,385],{},[371,1908,1909],{},"−",[353,1911,1912,1914],{},[356,1913,866],{},[383,1915,377],{},[371,1917,1918],{"stretchy":378},")",[353,1920,1921,1923],{},[356,1922,1882],{},[383,1924,377],{},[416,1926,1927],{"encoding":418},"b=q_{0}b_{0}F+(1-q_{0})b_{0}",[329,1929,1931,1950,2056,2077],{"className":1930,"ariaHidden":424},[423],[329,1932,1934,1938,1941,1944,1947],{"className":1933},[428],[329,1935],{"className":1936,"style":1937},[432],"height:0.6944em;",[329,1939,1882],{"className":1940},[437,441],[329,1942],{"className":1943,"style":504},[503],[329,1945,373],{"className":1946},[508],[329,1948],{"className":1949,"style":504},[503],[329,1951,1953,1957,2001,2044,2047,2050,2053],{"className":1952},[428],[329,1954],{"className":1955,"style":1956},[432],"height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;",[329,1958,1960,1963],{"className":1959},[437],[329,1961,866],{"className":1962,"style":631},[437,441],[329,1964,1966],{"className":1965},[446],[329,1967,1969,1993],{"className":1968},[450,451],[329,1970,1972,1990],{"className":1971},[455],[329,1973,1976],{"className":1974,"style":1975},[459],"height:0.3011em;",[329,1977,1978,1981],{"style":1049},[329,1979],{"className":1980,"style":468},[467],[329,1982,1984],{"className":1983},[472,473,474,475],[329,1985,1987],{"className":1986},[437,475],[329,1988,377],{"className":1989},[437,475],[329,1991,490],{"className":1992},[489],[329,1994,1996],{"className":1995},[455],[329,1997,1999],{"className":1998,"style":497},[459],[329,2000],{},[329,2002,2004,2007],{"className":2003},[437],[329,2005,1882],{"className":2006},[437,441],[329,2008,2010],{"className":2009},[446],[329,2011,2013,2036],{"className":2012},[450,451],[329,2014,2016,2033],{"className":2015},[455],[329,2017,2019],{"className":2018,"style":1975},[459],[329,2020,2021,2024],{"style":998},[329,2022],{"className":2023,"style":468},[467],[329,2025,2027],{"className":2026},[472,473,474,475],[329,2028,2030],{"className":2029},[437,475],[329,2031,377],{"className":2032},[437,475],[329,2034,490],{"className":2035},[489],[329,2037,2039],{"className":2038},[455],[329,2040,2042],{"className":2041,"style":497},[459],[329,2043],{},[329,2045,1899],{"className":2046,"style":1014},[437,441],[329,2048],{"className":2049,"style":646},[503],[329,2051,398],{"className":2052},[650],[329,2054],{"className":2055,"style":646},[503],[329,2057,2059,2062,2065,2068,2071,2074],{"className":2058},[428],[329,2060],{"className":2061,"style":1255},[432],[329,2063,1904],{"className":2064},[525],[329,2066,385],{"className":2067},[437],[329,2069],{"className":2070,"style":646},[503],[329,2072,1909],{"className":2073},[650],[329,2075],{"className":2076,"style":646},[503],[329,2078,2080,2083,2126,2129],{"className":2079},[428],[329,2081],{"className":2082,"style":1255},[432],[329,2084,2086,2089],{"className":2085},[437],[329,2087,866],{"className":2088,"style":631},[437,441],[329,2090,2092],{"className":2091},[446],[329,2093,2095,2118],{"className":2094},[450,451],[329,2096,2098,2115],{"className":2097},[455],[329,2099,2101],{"className":2100,"style":1975},[459],[329,2102,2103,2106],{"style":1049},[329,2104],{"className":2105,"style":468},[467],[329,2107,2109],{"className":2108},[472,473,474,475],[329,2110,2112],{"className":2111},[437,475],[329,2113,377],{"className":2114},[437,475],[329,2116,490],{"className":2117},[489],[329,2119,2121],{"className":2120},[455],[329,2122,2124],{"className":2123,"style":497},[459],[329,2125],{},[329,2127,1918],{"className":2128},[597],[329,2130,2132,2135],{"className":2131},[437],[329,2133,1882],{"className":2134},[437,441],[329,2136,2138],{"className":2137},[446],[329,2139,2141,2164],{"className":2140},[450,451],[329,2142,2144,2161],{"className":2143},[455],[329,2145,2147],{"className":2146,"style":1975},[459],[329,2148,2149,2152],{"style":998},[329,2150],{"className":2151,"style":468},[467],[329,2153,2155],{"className":2154},[472,473,474,475],[329,2156,2158],{"className":2157},[437,475],[329,2159,377],{"className":2160},[437,475],[329,2162,490],{"className":2163},[489],[329,2165,2167],{"className":2166},[455],[329,2168,2170],{"className":2169,"style":497},[459],[329,2171],{},[218,2173,774,2174,2202,2203,2274,2275,2345,2346,2374,2375,2468,2469,2566],{},[329,2175,2177,2190],{"className":2176},[336],[329,2178,2180],{"className":2179},[340],[342,2181,2182],{"xmlns":344},[347,2183,2184,2188],{},[350,2185,2186],{},[356,2187,1882],{},[416,2189,1882],{"encoding":418},[329,2191,2193],{"className":2192,"ariaHidden":424},[423],[329,2194,2196,2199],{"className":2195},[428],[329,2197],{"className":2198,"style":1937},[432],[329,2200,1882],{"className":2201},[437,441]," is the environment-modified decay rate, ",[329,2204,2206,2224],{"className":2205},[336],[329,2207,2209],{"className":2208},[340],[342,2210,2211],{"xmlns":344},[347,2212,2213,2221],{},[350,2214,2215],{},[353,2216,2217,2219],{},[356,2218,1882],{},[383,2220,377],{},[416,2222,2223],{"encoding":418},"b_0",[329,2225,2227],{"className":2226,"ariaHidden":424},[423],[329,2228,2230,2234],{"className":2229},[428],[329,2231],{"className":2232,"style":2233},[432],"height:0.8444em;vertical-align:-0.15em;",[329,2235,2237,2240],{"className":2236},[437],[329,2238,1882],{"className":2239},[437,441],[329,2241,2243],{"className":2242},[446],[329,2244,2246,2266],{"className":2245},[450,451],[329,2247,2249,2263],{"className":2248},[455],[329,2250,2252],{"className":2251,"style":1975},[459],[329,2253,2254,2257],{"style":998},[329,2255],{"className":2256,"style":468},[467],[329,2258,2260],{"className":2259},[472,473,474,475],[329,2261,377],{"className":2262},[437,475],[329,2264,490],{"className":2265},[489],[329,2267,2269],{"className":2268},[455],[329,2270,2272],{"className":2271,"style":497},[459],[329,2273],{}," the intrinsic decay rate, ",[329,2276,2278,2296],{"className":2277},[336],[329,2279,2281],{"className":2280},[340],[342,2282,2283],{"xmlns":344},[347,2284,2285,2293],{},[350,2286,2287],{},[353,2288,2289,2291],{},[356,2290,866],{},[383,2292,377],{},[416,2294,2295],{"encoding":418},"q_0",[329,2297,2299],{"className":2298,"ariaHidden":424},[423],[329,2300,2302,2305],{"className":2301},[428],[329,2303],{"className":2304,"style":1121},[432],[329,2306,2308,2311],{"className":2307},[437],[329,2309,866],{"className":2310,"style":631},[437,441],[329,2312,2314],{"className":2313},[446],[329,2315,2317,2337],{"className":2316},[450,451],[329,2318,2320,2334],{"className":2319},[455],[329,2321,2323],{"className":2322,"style":1975},[459],[329,2324,2325,2328],{"style":1049},[329,2326],{"className":2327,"style":468},[467],[329,2329,2331],{"className":2330},[472,473,474,475],[329,2332,377],{"className":2333},[437,475],[329,2335,490],{"className":2336},[489],[329,2338,2340],{"className":2339},[455],[329,2341,2343],{"className":2342,"style":497},[459],[329,2344],{}," the intrinsic quantum efficiency, and ",[329,2347,2349,2362],{"className":2348},[336],[329,2350,2352],{"className":2351},[340],[342,2353,2354],{"xmlns":344},[347,2355,2356,2360],{},[350,2357,2358],{},[356,2359,1899],{},[416,2361,1899],{"encoding":418},[329,2363,2365],{"className":2364,"ariaHidden":424},[423],[329,2366,2368,2371],{"className":2367},[428],[329,2369],{"className":2370,"style":943},[432],[329,2372,1899],{"className":2373,"style":1014},[437,441]," the Purcell factor; when ",[329,2376,2378,2400],{"className":2377},[336],[329,2379,2381],{"className":2380},[340],[342,2382,2383],{"xmlns":344},[347,2384,2385,2397],{},[350,2386,2387,2393,2395],{},[353,2388,2389,2391],{},[356,2390,866],{},[383,2392,377],{},[371,2394,373],{},[383,2396,385],{},[416,2398,2399],{"encoding":418},"q_0=1",[329,2401,2403,2458],{"className":2402,"ariaHidden":424},[423],[329,2404,2406,2409,2449,2452,2455],{"className":2405},[428],[329,2407],{"className":2408,"style":1121},[432],[329,2410,2412,2415],{"className":2411},[437],[329,2413,866],{"className":2414,"style":631},[437,441],[329,2416,2418],{"className":2417},[446],[329,2419,2421,2441],{"className":2420},[450,451],[329,2422,2424,2438],{"className":2423},[455],[329,2425,2427],{"className":2426,"style":1975},[459],[329,2428,2429,2432],{"style":1049},[329,2430],{"className":2431,"style":468},[467],[329,2433,2435],{"className":2434},[472,473,474,475],[329,2436,377],{"className":2437},[437,475],[329,2439,490],{"className":2440},[489],[329,2442,2444],{"className":2443},[455],[329,2445,2447],{"className":2446,"style":497},[459],[329,2448],{},[329,2450],{"className":2451,"style":504},[503],[329,2453,373],{"className":2454},[508],[329,2456],{"className":2457,"style":504},[503],[329,2459,2461,2465],{"className":2460},[428],[329,2462],{"className":2463,"style":2464},[432],"height:0.6444em;",[329,2466,385],{"className":2467},[437],", ",[329,2470,2472,2496],{"className":2471},[336],[329,2473,2475],{"className":2474},[340],[342,2476,2477],{"xmlns":344},[347,2478,2479,2493],{},[350,2480,2481,2483,2485,2491],{},[356,2482,1882],{},[371,2484,373],{},[353,2486,2487,2489],{},[356,2488,1882],{},[383,2490,377],{},[356,2492,1899],{},[416,2494,2495],{"encoding":418},"b=b_0F",[329,2497,2499,2517],{"className":2498,"ariaHidden":424},[423],[329,2500,2502,2505,2508,2511,2514],{"className":2501},[428],[329,2503],{"className":2504,"style":1937},[432],[329,2506,1882],{"className":2507},[437,441],[329,2509],{"className":2510,"style":504},[503],[329,2512,373],{"className":2513},[508],[329,2515],{"className":2516,"style":504},[503],[329,2518,2520,2523,2563],{"className":2519},[428],[329,2521],{"className":2522,"style":2233},[432],[329,2524,2526,2529],{"className":2525},[437],[329,2527,1882],{"className":2528},[437,441],[329,2530,2532],{"className":2531},[446],[329,2533,2535,2555],{"className":2534},[450,451],[329,2536,2538,2552],{"className":2537},[455],[329,2539,2541],{"className":2540,"style":1975},[459],[329,2542,2543,2546],{"style":998},[329,2544],{"className":2545,"style":468},[467],[329,2547,2549],{"className":2548},[472,473,474,475],[329,2550,377],{"className":2551},[437,475],[329,2553,490],{"className":2554},[489],[329,2556,2558],{"className":2557},[455],[329,2559,2561],{"className":2560,"style":497},[459],[329,2562],{},[329,2564,1899],{"className":2565,"style":1014},[437,441],". The Purcell factor gives the effective quantum efficiency",[329,2568,2570],{"className":2569},[332],[329,2571,2573,2633],{"className":2572},[336],[329,2574,2576],{"className":2575},[340],[342,2577,2578],{"xmlns":344,"display":345},[347,2579,2580,2630],{},[350,2581,2582,2594,2596],{},[353,2583,2584,2586],{},[356,2585,866],{},[350,2587,2588,2590,2592],{},[356,2589,871],{},[356,2591,874],{},[356,2593,874],{},[371,2595,373],{},[380,2597,2598,2608],{},[350,2599,2600,2606],{},[353,2601,2602,2604],{},[356,2603,866],{},[383,2605,377],{},[356,2607,1899],{},[350,2609,2610,2616,2618,2620,2622,2624],{},[353,2611,2612,2614],{},[356,2613,866],{},[383,2615,377],{},[356,2617,1899],{},[371,2619,398],{},[383,2621,385],{},[371,2623,1909],{},[353,2625,2626,2628],{},[356,2627,866],{},[383,2629,377],{},[416,2631,2632],{"encoding":418},"q_{eff}=\\frac{q_{0}F}{q_{0}F+1-q_{0}}",[329,2634,2636,2700],{"className":2635,"ariaHidden":424},[423],[329,2637,2639,2642,2691,2694,2697],{"className":2638},[428],[329,2640],{"className":2641,"style":1297},[432],[329,2643,2645,2648],{"className":2644},[437],[329,2646,866],{"className":2647,"style":631},[437,441],[329,2649,2651],{"className":2650},[446],[329,2652,2654,2683],{"className":2653},[450,451],[329,2655,2657,2680],{"className":2656},[455],[329,2658,2660],{"className":2659,"style":746},[459],[329,2661,2662,2665],{"style":1049},[329,2663],{"className":2664,"style":468},[467],[329,2666,2668],{"className":2667},[472,473,474,475],[329,2669,2671,2674,2677],{"className":2670},[437,475],[329,2672,871],{"className":2673},[437,441,475],[329,2675,874],{"className":2676,"style":1065},[437,441,475],[329,2678,874],{"className":2679,"style":1065},[437,441,475],[329,2681,490],{"className":2682},[489],[329,2684,2686],{"className":2685},[455],[329,2687,2689],{"className":2688,"style":1078},[459],[329,2690],{},[329,2692],{"className":2693,"style":504},[503],[329,2695,373],{"className":2696},[508],[329,2698],{"className":2699,"style":504},[503],[329,2701,2703,2707],{"className":2702},[428],[329,2704],{"className":2705,"style":2706},[432],"height:2.2408em;vertical-align:-0.8804em;",[329,2708,2710,2713,2918],{"className":2709},[437],[329,2711],{"className":2712},[525,526],[329,2714,2716],{"className":2715},[380],[329,2717,2719,2909],{"className":2718},[450,451],[329,2720,2722,2906],{"className":2721},[455],[329,2723,2726,2844,2852],{"className":2724,"style":2725},[459],"height:1.3603em;",[329,2727,2728,2731],{"style":1776},[329,2729],{"className":2730,"style":546},[467],[329,2732,2734,2777,2780,2783,2786,2789,2792,2795,2798,2801],{"className":2733},[437],[329,2735,2737,2740],{"className":2736},[437],[329,2738,866],{"className":2739,"style":631},[437,441],[329,2741,2743],{"className":2742},[446],[329,2744,2746,2769],{"className":2745},[450,451],[329,2747,2749,2766],{"className":2748},[455],[329,2750,2752],{"className":2751,"style":1975},[459],[329,2753,2754,2757],{"style":1049},[329,2755],{"className":2756,"style":468},[467],[329,2758,2760],{"className":2759},[472,473,474,475],[329,2761,2763],{"className":2762},[437,475],[329,2764,377],{"className":2765},[437,475],[329,2767,490],{"className":2768},[489],[329,2770,2772],{"className":2771},[455],[329,2773,2775],{"className":2774,"style":497},[459],[329,2776],{},[329,2778,1899],{"className":2779,"style":1014},[437,441],[329,2781],{"className":2782,"style":646},[503],[329,2784,398],{"className":2785},[650],[329,2787],{"className":2788,"style":646},[503],[329,2790,385],{"className":2791},[437],[329,2793],{"className":2794,"style":646},[503],[329,2796,1909],{"className":2797},[650],[329,2799],{"className":2800,"style":646},[503],[329,2802,2804,2807],{"className":2803},[437],[329,2805,866],{"className":2806,"style":631},[437,441],[329,2808,2810],{"className":2809},[446],[329,2811,2813,2836],{"className":2812},[450,451],[329,2814,2816,2833],{"className":2815},[455],[329,2817,2819],{"className":2818,"style":1975},[459],[329,2820,2821,2824],{"style":1049},[329,2822],{"className":2823,"style":468},[467],[329,2825,2827],{"className":2826},[472,473,474,475],[329,2828,2830],{"className":2829},[437,475],[329,2831,377],{"className":2832},[437,475],[329,2834,490],{"className":2835},[489],[329,2837,2839],{"className":2838},[455],[329,2840,2842],{"className":2841,"style":497},[459],[329,2843],{},[329,2845,2846,2849],{"style":558},[329,2847],{"className":2848,"style":546},[467],[329,2850],{"className":2851,"style":566},[565],[329,2853,2854,2857],{"style":1830},[329,2855],{"className":2856,"style":546},[467],[329,2858,2860,2903],{"className":2859},[437],[329,2861,2863,2866],{"className":2862},[437],[329,2864,866],{"className":2865,"style":631},[437,441],[329,2867,2869],{"className":2868},[446],[329,2870,2872,2895],{"className":2871},[450,451],[329,2873,2875,2892],{"className":2874},[455],[329,2876,2878],{"className":2877,"style":1975},[459],[329,2879,2880,2883],{"style":1049},[329,2881],{"className":2882,"style":468},[467],[329,2884,2886],{"className":2885},[472,473,474,475],[329,2887,2889],{"className":2888},[437,475],[329,2890,377],{"className":2891},[437,475],[329,2893,490],{"className":2894},[489],[329,2896,2898],{"className":2897},[455],[329,2899,2901],{"className":2900,"style":497},[459],[329,2902],{},[329,2904,1899],{"className":2905,"style":1014},[437,441],[329,2907,490],{"className":2908},[489],[329,2910,2912],{"className":2911},[455],[329,2913,2916],{"className":2914,"style":2915},[459],"height:0.8804em;",[329,2917],{},[329,2919],{"className":2920},[597,526],[218,2922,2923],{},"and the lifetime ratio",[329,2925,2927],{"className":2926},[332],[329,2928,2930,2987],{"className":2929},[336],[329,2931,2933],{"className":2932},[340],[342,2934,2935],{"xmlns":344,"display":345},[347,2936,2937,2984],{},[350,2938,2939,2950,2952,2962,2964,2966,2968,2974,2976,2982],{},[380,2940,2941,2948],{},[353,2942,2943,2946],{},[356,2944,2945],{},"τ",[383,2947,377],{},[356,2949,2945],{},[371,2951,373],{},[380,2953,2954,2956],{},[356,2955,1882],{},[353,2957,2958,2960],{},[356,2959,1882],{},[383,2961,377],{},[371,2963,373],{},[383,2965,385],{},[371,2967,1909],{},[353,2969,2970,2972],{},[356,2971,866],{},[383,2973,377],{},[371,2975,398],{},[353,2977,2978,2980],{},[356,2979,866],{},[383,2981,377],{},[356,2983,1899],{},[416,2985,2986],{"encoding":418},"\\frac{\\tau_{0}}{\\tau}=\\frac{b}{b_{0}}=1-q_{0}+q_{0}F",[329,2988,2990,3111,3231,3250,3309],{"className":2989,"ariaHidden":424},[423],[329,2991,2993,2997,3102,3105,3108],{"className":2992},[428],[329,2994],{"className":2995,"style":2996},[432],"height:1.7936em;vertical-align:-0.686em;",[329,2998,3000,3003,3099],{"className":2999},[437],[329,3001],{"className":3002},[525,526],[329,3004,3006],{"className":3005},[380],[329,3007,3009,3091],{"className":3008},[450,451],[329,3010,3012,3088],{"className":3011},[455],[329,3013,3016,3028,3036],{"className":3014,"style":3015},[459],"height:1.1076em;",[329,3017,3018,3021],{"style":1776},[329,3019],{"className":3020,"style":546},[467],[329,3022,3024],{"className":3023},[437],[329,3025,2945],{"className":3026,"style":3027},[437,441],"margin-right:0.1132em;",[329,3029,3030,3033],{"style":558},[329,3031],{"className":3032,"style":546},[467],[329,3034],{"className":3035,"style":566},[565],[329,3037,3038,3041],{"style":1830},[329,3039],{"className":3040,"style":546},[467],[329,3042,3044],{"className":3043},[437],[329,3045,3047,3050],{"className":3046},[437],[329,3048,2945],{"className":3049,"style":3027},[437,441],[329,3051,3053],{"className":3052},[446],[329,3054,3056,3080],{"className":3055},[450,451],[329,3057,3059,3077],{"className":3058},[455],[329,3060,3062],{"className":3061,"style":1975},[459],[329,3063,3065,3068],{"style":3064},"top:-2.55em;margin-left:-0.1132em;margin-right:0.05em;",[329,3066],{"className":3067,"style":468},[467],[329,3069,3071],{"className":3070},[472,473,474,475],[329,3072,3074],{"className":3073},[437,475],[329,3075,377],{"className":3076},[437,475],[329,3078,490],{"className":3079},[489],[329,3081,3083],{"className":3082},[455],[329,3084,3086],{"className":3085,"style":497},[459],[329,3087],{},[329,3089,490],{"className":3090},[489],[329,3092,3094],{"className":3093},[455],[329,3095,3097],{"className":3096,"style":1849},[459],[329,3098],{},[329,3100],{"className":3101},[597,526],[329,3103],{"className":3104,"style":504},[503],[329,3106,373],{"className":3107},[508],[329,3109],{"className":3110,"style":504},[503],[329,3112,3114,3118,3222,3225,3228],{"className":3113},[428],[329,3115],{"className":3116,"style":3117},[432],"height:2.2074em;vertical-align:-0.836em;",[329,3119,3121,3124,3219],{"className":3120},[437],[329,3122],{"className":3123},[525,526],[329,3125,3127],{"className":3126},[380],[329,3128,3130,3210],{"className":3129},[450,451],[329,3131,3133,3207],{"className":3132},[455],[329,3134,3137,3188,3196],{"className":3135,"style":3136},[459],"height:1.3714em;",[329,3138,3139,3142],{"style":1776},[329,3140],{"className":3141,"style":546},[467],[329,3143,3145],{"className":3144},[437],[329,3146,3148,3151],{"className":3147},[437],[329,3149,1882],{"className":3150},[437,441],[329,3152,3154],{"className":3153},[446],[329,3155,3157,3180],{"className":3156},[450,451],[329,3158,3160,3177],{"className":3159},[455],[329,3161,3163],{"className":3162,"style":1975},[459],[329,3164,3165,3168],{"style":998},[329,3166],{"className":3167,"style":468},[467],[329,3169,3171],{"className":3170},[472,473,474,475],[329,3172,3174],{"className":3173},[437,475],[329,3175,377],{"className":3176},[437,475],[329,3178,490],{"className":3179},[489],[329,3181,3183],{"className":3182},[455],[329,3184,3186],{"className":3185,"style":497},[459],[329,3187],{},[329,3189,3190,3193],{"style":558},[329,3191],{"className":3192,"style":546},[467],[329,3194],{"className":3195,"style":566},[565],[329,3197,3198,3201],{"style":1830},[329,3199],{"className":3200,"style":546},[467],[329,3202,3204],{"className":3203},[437],[329,3205,1882],{"className":3206},[437,441],[329,3208,490],{"className":3209},[489],[329,3211,3213],{"className":3212},[455],[329,3214,3217],{"className":3215,"style":3216},[459],"height:0.836em;",[329,3218],{},[329,3220],{"className":3221},[597,526],[329,3223],{"className":3224,"style":504},[503],[329,3226,373],{"className":3227},[508],[329,3229],{"className":3230,"style":504},[503],[329,3232,3234,3238,3241,3244,3247],{"className":3233},[428],[329,3235],{"className":3236,"style":3237},[432],"height:0.7278em;vertical-align:-0.0833em;",[329,3239,385],{"className":3240},[437],[329,3242],{"className":3243,"style":646},[503],[329,3245,1909],{"className":3246},[650],[329,3248],{"className":3249,"style":646},[503],[329,3251,3253,3257,3300,3303,3306],{"className":3252},[428],[329,3254],{"className":3255,"style":3256},[432],"height:0.7778em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;",[329,3258,3260,3263],{"className":3259},[437],[329,3261,866],{"className":3262,"style":631},[437,441],[329,3264,3266],{"className":3265},[446],[329,3267,3269,3292],{"className":3268},[450,451],[329,3270,3272,3289],{"className":3271},[455],[329,3273,3275],{"className":3274,"style":1975},[459],[329,3276,3277,3280],{"style":1049},[329,3278],{"className":3279,"style":468},[467],[329,3281,3283],{"className":3282},[472,473,474,475],[329,3284,3286],{"className":3285},[437,475],[329,3287,377],{"className":3288},[437,475],[329,3290,490],{"className":3291},[489],[329,3293,3295],{"className":3294},[455],[329,3296,3298],{"className":3297,"style":497},[459],[329,3299],{},[329,3301],{"className":3302,"style":646},[503],[329,3304,398],{"className":3305},[650],[329,3307],{"className":3308,"style":646},[503],[329,3310,3312,3315,3358],{"className":3311},[428],[329,3313],{"className":3314,"style":897},[432],[329,3316,3318,3321],{"className":3317},[437],[329,3319,866],{"className":3320,"style":631},[437,441],[329,3322,3324],{"className":3323},[446],[329,3325,3327,3350],{"className":3326},[450,451],[329,3328,3330,3347],{"className":3329},[455],[329,3331,3333],{"className":3332,"style":1975},[459],[329,3334,3335,3338],{"style":1049},[329,3336],{"className":3337,"style":468},[467],[329,3339,3341],{"className":3340},[472,473,474,475],[329,3342,3344],{"className":3343},[437,475],[329,3345,377],{"className":3346},[437,475],[329,3348,490],{"className":3349},[489],[329,3351,3353],{"className":3352},[455],[329,3354,3356],{"className":3355,"style":497},[459],[329,3357],{},[329,3359,1899],{"className":3360,"style":1014},[437,441],[218,3362,3363,3364,3392,3393,3421],{},"Different dipole orientations have different ",[329,3365,3367,3380],{"className":3366},[336],[329,3368,3370],{"className":3369},[340],[342,3371,3372],{"xmlns":344},[347,3373,3374,3378],{},[350,3375,3376],{},[356,3377,1899],{},[416,3379,1899],{"encoding":418},[329,3381,3383],{"className":3382,"ariaHidden":424},[423],[329,3384,3386,3389],{"className":3385},[428],[329,3387],{"className":3388,"style":943},[432],[329,3390,1899],{"className":3391,"style":1014},[437,441],"; enhancing horizontal and suppressing vertical dipoles via the microcavity raises LEE and cuts waveguide/SPP loss. ",[329,3394,3396,3409],{"className":3395},[336],[329,3397,3399],{"className":3398},[340],[342,3400,3401],{"xmlns":344},[347,3402,3403,3407],{},[350,3404,3405],{},[356,3406,1899],{},[416,3408,1899],{"encoding":418},[329,3410,3412],{"className":3411,"ariaHidden":424},[423],[329,3413,3415,3418],{"className":3414},[428],[329,3416],{"className":3417,"style":943},[432],[329,3419,1899],{"className":3420,"style":1014},[437,441]," also varies with wavelength. The Purcell factor can be written as an in-plane-wave-vector integral",[329,3423,3425],{"className":3424},[332],[329,3426,3428,3497],{"className":3427},[336],[329,3429,3431],{"className":3430},[340],[342,3432,3433],{"xmlns":344,"display":345},[347,3434,3435,3494],{},[350,3436,3437,3439,3441,3452,3454,3456,3459,3461,3463,3466,3468,3471,3474,3476,3478,3481,3484,3491],{},[356,3438,1899],{},[371,3440,373],{},[3442,3443,3444,3447,3449],"msubsup",{},[371,3445,3446],{},"∫",[383,3448,377],{},[356,3450,3451],{"mathvariant":1225},"∞",[356,3453,874],{},[371,3455,1904],{"stretchy":378},[356,3457,3458],{},"u",[371,3460,1918],{"stretchy":378},[844,3462,846],{},[356,3464,3465],{},"d",[356,3467,3458],{},[371,3469,3470],{"separator":424},",",[503,3472],{"width":3473},"2em",[356,3475,3458],{},[371,3477,373],{},[356,3479,3480],{},"sin",[371,3482,3483],{},"⁡",[353,3485,3486,3489],{},[356,3487,3488],{},"θ",[356,3490,871],{},[844,3492,3493],{}," (isotropic)",[416,3495,3496],{"encoding":418},"F=\\int_{0}^{\\infty} f(u)\\,du,\\qquad u=\\sin\\theta_{e}\\ \\text{(isotropic)}",[329,3498,3500,3518,3637],{"className":3499,"ariaHidden":424},[423],[329,3501,3503,3506,3509,3512,3515],{"className":3502},[428],[329,3504],{"className":3505,"style":943},[432],[329,3507,1899],{"className":3508,"style":1014},[437,441],[329,3510],{"className":3511,"style":504},[503],[329,3513,373],{"className":3514},[508],[329,3516],{"className":3517,"style":504},[503],[329,3519,3521,3525,3590,3593,3596,3599,3602,3605,3608,3611,3614,3618,3622,3625,3628,3631,3634],{"className":3520},[428],[329,3522],{"className":3523,"style":3524},[432],"height:2.3262em;vertical-align:-0.9119em;",[329,3526,3529,3535],{"className":3527},[3528],"mop",[329,3530,3446],{"className":3531,"style":3534},[3528,3532,3533],"op-symbol","large-op","margin-right:0.44445em;position:relative;top:-0.0011em;",[329,3536,3538],{"className":3537},[446],[329,3539,3541,3581],{"className":3540},[450,451],[329,3542,3544,3578],{"className":3543},[455],[329,3545,3548,3563],{"className":3546,"style":3547},[459],"height:1.4143em;",[329,3549,3551,3554],{"style":3550},"top:-1.7881em;margin-left:-0.4445em;margin-right:0.05em;",[329,3552],{"className":3553,"style":468},[467],[329,3555,3557],{"className":3556},[472,473,474,475],[329,3558,3560],{"className":3559},[437,475],[329,3561,377],{"className":3562},[437,475],[329,3564,3566,3569],{"style":3565},"top:-3.8129em;margin-right:0.05em;",[329,3567],{"className":3568,"style":468},[467],[329,3570,3572],{"className":3571},[472,473,474,475],[329,3573,3575],{"className":3574},[437,475],[329,3576,3451],{"className":3577},[437,475],[329,3579,490],{"className":3580},[489],[329,3582,3584],{"className":3583},[455],[329,3585,3588],{"className":3586,"style":3587},[459],"height:0.9119em;",[329,3589],{},[329,3591],{"className":3592,"style":976},[503],[329,3594,874],{"className":3595,"style":1065},[437,441],[329,3597,1904],{"className":3598},[525],[329,3600,3458],{"className":3601},[437,441],[329,3603,1918],{"className":3604},[597],[329,3606],{"className":3607,"style":976},[503],[329,3609,3465],{"className":3610},[437,441],[329,3612,3458],{"className":3613},[437,441],[329,3615,3470],{"className":3616},[3617],"mpunct",[329,3619],{"className":3620,"style":3621},[503],"margin-right:2em;",[329,3623],{"className":3624,"style":976},[503],[329,3626,3458],{"className":3627},[437,441],[329,3629],{"className":3630,"style":504},[503],[329,3632,373],{"className":3633},[508],[329,3635],{"className":3636,"style":504},[503],[329,3638,3640,3643,3646,3649,3694,3698],{"className":3639},[428],[329,3641],{"className":3642,"style":1255},[432],[329,3644,3480],{"className":3645},[3528],[329,3647],{"className":3648,"style":976},[503],[329,3650,3652,3656],{"className":3651},[437],[329,3653,3488],{"className":3654,"style":3655},[437,441],"margin-right:0.02778em;",[329,3657,3659],{"className":3658},[446],[329,3660,3662,3686],{"className":3661},[450,451],[329,3663,3665,3683],{"className":3664},[455],[329,3666,3668],{"className":3667,"style":616},[459],[329,3669,3671,3674],{"style":3670},"top:-2.55em;margin-left:-0.0278em;margin-right:0.05em;",[329,3672],{"className":3673,"style":468},[467],[329,3675,3677],{"className":3676},[472,473,474,475],[329,3678,3680],{"className":3679},[437,475],[329,3681,871],{"className":3682},[437,441,475],[329,3684,490],{"className":3685},[489],[329,3687,3689],{"className":3688},[455],[329,3690,3692],{"className":3691,"style":497},[459],[329,3693],{},[329,3695,3697],{"className":3696},[503]," ",[329,3699,3702],{"className":3700},[437,3701],"text",[329,3703,3705],{"className":3704},[437],"(isotropic)",[218,3707,3708,3709,3753,3754,3782],{},"where the integrand ",[329,3710,3712,3732],{"className":3711},[336],[329,3713,3715],{"className":3714},[340],[342,3716,3717],{"xmlns":344},[347,3718,3719,3729],{},[350,3720,3721,3723,3725,3727],{},[356,3722,874],{},[371,3724,1904],{"stretchy":378},[356,3726,3458],{},[371,3728,1918],{"stretchy":378},[416,3730,3731],{"encoding":418},"f(u)",[329,3733,3735],{"className":3734,"ariaHidden":424},[423],[329,3736,3738,3741,3744,3747,3750],{"className":3737},[428],[329,3739],{"className":3740,"style":1255},[432],[329,3742,874],{"className":3743,"style":1065},[437,441],[329,3745,1904],{"className":3746},[525],[329,3748,3458],{"className":3749},[437,441],[329,3751,1918],{"className":3752},[597]," is the dissipated-power spectrum; integrating it gives ",[329,3755,3757,3770],{"className":3756},[336],[329,3758,3760],{"className":3759},[340],[342,3761,3762],{"xmlns":344},[347,3763,3764,3768],{},[350,3765,3766],{},[356,3767,1899],{},[416,3769,1899],{"encoding":418},[329,3771,3773],{"className":3772,"ariaHidden":424},[423],[329,3774,3776,3779],{"className":3775},[428],[329,3777],{"className":3778,"style":943},[432],[329,3780,1899],{"className":3781,"style":1014},[437,441],".",[218,3784,3785,3786,3814,3815,3894,3895,3994,3995,4064,4065,4149,4150,4221],{},"Emission proceeds as \"charge injection and exciton formation -> electro-optical conversion -> optical loss and extraction\". The first two steps are electrical inputs, not optical: the charge-carrier balance factor ",[329,3787,3789,3802],{"className":3788},[336],[329,3790,3792],{"className":3791},[340],[342,3793,3794],{"xmlns":344},[347,3795,3796,3800],{},[350,3797,3798],{},[356,3799,842],{},[416,3801,1111],{"encoding":418},[329,3803,3805],{"className":3804,"ariaHidden":424},[423],[329,3806,3808,3811],{"className":3807},[428],[329,3809],{"className":3810,"style":1121},[432],[329,3812,842],{"className":3813,"style":972},[437,441]," and spin formation ratio ",[329,3816,3818,3839],{"className":3817},[336],[329,3819,3821],{"className":3820},[340],[342,3822,3823],{"xmlns":344},[347,3824,3825,3837],{},[350,3826,3827],{},[353,3828,3829,3831],{},[356,3830,851],{},[350,3832,3833,3835],{},[356,3834,856],{},[356,3836,859],{},[416,3838,1150],{"encoding":418},[329,3840,3842],{"className":3841,"ariaHidden":424},[423],[329,3843,3845,3848],{"className":3844},[428],[329,3846],{"className":3847,"style":1121},[432],[329,3849,3851,3854],{"className":3850},[437],[329,3852,851],{"className":3853},[437,441],[329,3855,3857],{"className":3856},[446],[329,3858,3860,3886],{"className":3859},[450,451],[329,3861,3863,3883],{"className":3862},[455],[329,3864,3866],{"className":3865,"style":995},[459],[329,3867,3868,3871],{"style":998},[329,3869],{"className":3870,"style":468},[467],[329,3872,3874],{"className":3873},[472,473,474,475],[329,3875,3877,3880],{"className":3876},[437,475],[329,3878,856],{"className":3879,"style":901},[437,441,475],[329,3881,859],{"className":3882,"style":1014},[437,441,475],[329,3884,490],{"className":3885},[489],[329,3887,3889],{"className":3888},[455],[329,3890,3892],{"className":3891,"style":497},[459],[329,3893],{}," together form the model's Conversion Efficiency ",[329,3896,3898,3924],{"className":3897},[336],[329,3899,3901],{"className":3900},[340],[342,3902,3903],{"xmlns":344},[347,3904,3905,3921],{},[350,3906,3907,3909,3911],{},[371,3908,373],{},[356,3910,842],{},[353,3912,3913,3915],{},[356,3914,851],{},[350,3916,3917,3919],{},[356,3918,856],{},[356,3920,859],{},[416,3922,3923],{"encoding":418},"=\\gamma\\chi_{ST}",[329,3925,3927,3939],{"className":3926,"ariaHidden":424},[423],[329,3928,3930,3933,3936],{"className":3929},[428],[329,3931],{"className":3932,"style":1242},[432],[329,3934,373],{"className":3935},[508],[329,3937],{"className":3938,"style":504},[503],[329,3940,3942,3945,3948],{"className":3941},[428],[329,3943],{"className":3944,"style":1121},[432],[329,3946,842],{"className":3947,"style":972},[437,441],[329,3949,3951,3954],{"className":3950},[437],[329,3952,851],{"className":3953},[437,441],[329,3955,3957],{"className":3956},[446],[329,3958,3960,3986],{"className":3959},[450,451],[329,3961,3963,3983],{"className":3962},[455],[329,3964,3966],{"className":3965,"style":995},[459],[329,3967,3968,3971],{"style":998},[329,3969],{"className":3970,"style":468},[467],[329,3972,3974],{"className":3973},[472,473,474,475],[329,3975,3977,3980],{"className":3976},[437,475],[329,3978,856],{"className":3979,"style":901},[437,441,475],[329,3981,859],{"className":3982,"style":1014},[437,441,475],[329,3984,490],{"className":3985},[489],[329,3987,3989],{"className":3988},[455],[329,3990,3992],{"className":3991,"style":497},[459],[329,3993],{},", which is not affected by the Purcell effect. The intrinsic quantum efficiency ",[329,3996,3998,4015],{"className":3997},[336],[329,3999,4001],{"className":4000},[340],[342,4002,4003],{"xmlns":344},[347,4004,4005,4013],{},[350,4006,4007],{},[353,4008,4009,4011],{},[356,4010,866],{},[383,4012,377],{},[416,4014,2295],{"encoding":418},[329,4016,4018],{"className":4017,"ariaHidden":424},[423],[329,4019,4021,4024],{"className":4020},[428],[329,4022],{"className":4023,"style":1121},[432],[329,4025,4027,4030],{"className":4026},[437],[329,4028,866],{"className":4029,"style":631},[437,441],[329,4031,4033],{"className":4032},[446],[329,4034,4036,4056],{"className":4035},[450,451],[329,4037,4039,4053],{"className":4038},[455],[329,4040,4042],{"className":4041,"style":1975},[459],[329,4043,4044,4047],{"style":1049},[329,4045],{"className":4046,"style":468},[467],[329,4048,4050],{"className":4049},[472,473,474,475],[329,4051,377],{"className":4052},[437,475],[329,4054,490],{"className":4055},[489],[329,4057,4059],{"className":4058},[455],[329,4060,4062],{"className":4061,"style":497},[459],[329,4063],{}," feeds the model's Quantum Efficiency input, which the Purcell effect then maps to the effective quantum efficiency ",[329,4066,4068,4091],{"className":4067},[336],[329,4069,4071],{"className":4070},[340],[342,4072,4073],{"xmlns":344},[347,4074,4075,4089],{},[350,4076,4077],{},[353,4078,4079,4081],{},[356,4080,866],{},[350,4082,4083,4085,4087],{},[356,4084,871],{},[356,4086,874],{},[356,4088,874],{},[416,4090,1287],{"encoding":418},[329,4092,4094],{"className":4093,"ariaHidden":424},[423],[329,4095,4097,4100],{"className":4096},[428],[329,4098],{"className":4099,"style":1297},[432],[329,4101,4103,4106],{"className":4102},[437],[329,4104,866],{"className":4105,"style":631},[437,441],[329,4107,4109],{"className":4108},[446],[329,4110,4112,4141],{"className":4111},[450,451],[329,4113,4115,4138],{"className":4114},[455],[329,4116,4118],{"className":4117,"style":746},[459],[329,4119,4120,4123],{"style":1049},[329,4121],{"className":4122,"style":468},[467],[329,4124,4126],{"className":4125},[472,473,474,475],[329,4127,4129,4132,4135],{"className":4128},[437,475],[329,4130,871],{"className":4131},[437,441,475],[329,4133,874],{"className":4134,"style":1065},[437,441,475],[329,4136,874],{"className":4137,"style":1065},[437,441,475],[329,4139,490],{"className":4140},[489],[329,4142,4144],{"className":4143},[455],[329,4145,4147],{"className":4146,"style":1078},[459],[329,4148],{},"; the intrinsic lifetime ",[329,4151,4153,4171],{"className":4152},[336],[329,4154,4156],{"className":4155},[340],[342,4157,4158],{"xmlns":344},[347,4159,4160,4168],{},[350,4161,4162],{},[353,4163,4164,4166],{},[356,4165,2945],{},[383,4167,377],{},[416,4169,4170],{"encoding":418},"\\tau_0",[329,4172,4174],{"className":4173,"ariaHidden":424},[423],[329,4175,4177,4181],{"className":4176},[428],[329,4178],{"className":4179,"style":4180},[432],"height:0.5806em;vertical-align:-0.15em;",[329,4182,4184,4187],{"className":4183},[437],[329,4185,2945],{"className":4186,"style":3027},[437,441],[329,4188,4190],{"className":4189},[446],[329,4191,4193,4213],{"className":4192},[450,451],[329,4194,4196,4210],{"className":4195},[455],[329,4197,4199],{"className":4198,"style":1975},[459],[329,4200,4201,4204],{"style":3064},[329,4202],{"className":4203,"style":468},[467],[329,4205,4207],{"className":4206},[472,473,474,475],[329,4208,377],{"className":4209},[437,475],[329,4211,490],{"className":4212},[489],[329,4214,4216],{"className":4215},[455],[329,4217,4219],{"className":4218,"style":497},[459],[329,4220],{}," is likewise affected by the Purcell effect.",[222,4223,4225],{"id":4224},"microcavity-waveguide-and-spp","Microcavity, Waveguide, and SPP",[218,4227,4228,4229,4329],{},"The OLED layer stack forms a micro-cavity with planar reflective interfaces at the micro/nano scale, producing wavelength-scale interference that splits into wide-angle and multiple-beam types. Wide-angle interference arises between directly emitted and bottom-reflected light, set mainly by the emitter-to-bottom-mirror distance ",[329,4230,4232,4264],{"className":4231},[336],[329,4233,4235],{"className":4234},[340],[342,4236,4237],{"xmlns":344},[347,4238,4239,4261],{},[350,4240,4241],{},[353,4242,4243,4245],{},[356,4244,3465],{},[350,4246,4247,4249,4251,4254,4256,4258],{},[356,4248,1882],{},[356,4250,369],{},[356,4252,4253],{},"t",[356,4255,4253],{},[356,4257,369],{},[356,4259,4260],{},"m",[416,4262,4263],{"encoding":418},"d_{bottom}",[329,4265,4267],{"className":4266,"ariaHidden":424},[423],[329,4268,4270,4273],{"className":4269},[428],[329,4271],{"className":4272,"style":2233},[432],[329,4274,4276,4279],{"className":4275},[437],[329,4277,3465],{"className":4278},[437,441],[329,4280,4282],{"className":4281},[446],[329,4283,4285,4321],{"className":4284},[450,451],[329,4286,4288,4318],{"className":4287},[455],[329,4289,4291],{"className":4290,"style":746},[459],[329,4292,4293,4296],{"style":998},[329,4294],{"className":4295,"style":468},[467],[329,4297,4299],{"className":4298},[472,473,474,475],[329,4300,4302,4305,4308,4312,4315],{"className":4301},[437,475],[329,4303,1882],{"className":4304},[437,441,475],[329,4306,369],{"className":4307},[437,441,475],[329,4309,4311],{"className":4310},[437,441,475],"tt",[329,4313,369],{"className":4314},[437,441,475],[329,4316,4260],{"className":4317},[437,441,475],[329,4319,490],{"className":4320},[489],[329,4322,4324],{"className":4323},[455],[329,4325,4327],{"className":4326,"style":497},[459],[329,4328],{},":",[329,4331,4333],{"className":4332},[332],[329,4334,4336,4424],{"className":4335},[336],[329,4337,4339],{"className":4338},[340],[342,4340,4341],{"xmlns":344,"display":345},[347,4342,4343,4421],{},[350,4344,4345,4357,4359,4361,4363,4365,4383,4386,4388,4390,4392,4411,4413,4415,4417,4419],{},[380,4346,4347,4354],{},[350,4348,4349,4351],{},[383,4350,405],{},[356,4352,4353],{},"π",[356,4355,4356],{},"λ",[844,4358,846],{},[383,4360,405],{},[356,4362,1715],{},[844,4364,846],{},[353,4366,4367,4369],{},[356,4368,3465],{},[350,4370,4371,4373,4375,4377,4379,4381],{},[356,4372,1882],{"mathvariant":1225},[356,4374,369],{"mathvariant":1225},[356,4376,4253],{"mathvariant":1225},[356,4378,4253],{"mathvariant":1225},[356,4380,369],{"mathvariant":1225},[356,4382,4260],{"mathvariant":1225},[356,4384,4385],{},"cos",[371,4387,3483],{},[356,4389,3488],{},[371,4391,1909],{},[353,4393,4394,4397],{},[356,4395,4396],{},"ϕ",[350,4398,4399,4401,4403,4405,4407,4409],{},[356,4400,1882],{"mathvariant":1225},[356,4402,369],{"mathvariant":1225},[356,4404,4253],{"mathvariant":1225},[356,4406,4253],{"mathvariant":1225},[356,4408,369],{"mathvariant":1225},[356,4410,4260],{"mathvariant":1225},[371,4412,373],{},[356,4414,4260],{},[844,4416,846],{},[383,4418,405],{},[356,4420,4353],{},[416,4422,4423],{"encoding":418},"\\frac{2\\pi}{\\lambda}\\,2n\\,d_{\\mathrm{bottom}}\\cos\\theta-\\phi_{\\mathrm{bottom}}=m\\,2\\pi",[329,4425,4427,4579,4640],{"className":4426,"ariaHidden":424},[423],[329,4428,4430,4433,4498,4501,4504,4507,4510,4558,4561,4564,4567,4570,4573,4576],{"className":4429},[428],[329,4431],{"className":4432,"style":1754},[432],[329,4434,4436,4439,4495],{"className":4435},[437],[329,4437],{"className":4438},[525,526],[329,4440,4442],{"className":4441},[380],[329,4443,4445,4487],{"className":4444},[450,451],[329,4446,4448,4484],{"className":4447},[455],[329,4449,4451,4462,4470],{"className":4450,"style":1773},[459],[329,4452,4453,4456],{"style":1776},[329,4454],{"className":4455,"style":546},[467],[329,4457,4459],{"className":4458},[437],[329,4460,4356],{"className":4461},[437,441],[329,4463,4464,4467],{"style":558},[329,4465],{"className":4466,"style":546},[467],[329,4468],{"className":4469,"style":566},[565],[329,4471,4472,4475],{"style":1830},[329,4473],{"className":4474,"style":546},[467],[329,4476,4478,4481],{"className":4477},[437],[329,4479,405],{"className":4480},[437],[329,4482,4353],{"className":4483,"style":631},[437,441],[329,4485,490],{"className":4486},[489],[329,4488,4490],{"className":4489},[455],[329,4491,4493],{"className":4492,"style":1849},[459],[329,4494],{},[329,4496],{"className":4497},[597,526],[329,4499],{"className":4500,"style":976},[503],[329,4502,405],{"className":4503},[437],[329,4505,1715],{"className":4506},[437,441],[329,4508],{"className":4509,"style":976},[503],[329,4511,4513,4516],{"className":4512},[437],[329,4514,3465],{"className":4515},[437,441],[329,4517,4519],{"className":4518},[446],[329,4520,4522,4550],{"className":4521},[450,451],[329,4523,4525,4547],{"className":4524},[455],[329,4526,4528],{"className":4527,"style":746},[459],[329,4529,4530,4533],{"style":998},[329,4531],{"className":4532,"style":468},[467],[329,4534,4536],{"className":4535},[472,473,474,475],[329,4537,4539],{"className":4538},[437,475],[329,4540,4542],{"className":4541},[437,475],[329,4543,4546],{"className":4544},[437,4545,475],"mathrm","bottom",[329,4548,490],{"className":4549},[489],[329,4551,4553],{"className":4552},[455],[329,4554,4556],{"className":4555,"style":497},[459],[329,4557],{},[329,4559],{"className":4560,"style":976},[503],[329,4562,4385],{"className":4563},[3528],[329,4565],{"className":4566,"style":976},[503],[329,4568,3488],{"className":4569,"style":3655},[437,441],[329,4571],{"className":4572,"style":646},[503],[329,4574,1909],{"className":4575},[650],[329,4577],{"className":4578,"style":646},[503],[329,4580,4582,4585,4631,4634,4637],{"className":4581},[428],[329,4583],{"className":4584,"style":1956},[432],[329,4586,4588,4591],{"className":4587},[437],[329,4589,4396],{"className":4590},[437,441],[329,4592,4594],{"className":4593},[446],[329,4595,4597,4623],{"className":4596},[450,451],[329,4598,4600,4620],{"className":4599},[455],[329,4601,4603],{"className":4602,"style":746},[459],[329,4604,4605,4608],{"style":998},[329,4606],{"className":4607,"style":468},[467],[329,4609,4611],{"className":4610},[472,473,474,475],[329,4612,4614],{"className":4613},[437,475],[329,4615,4617],{"className":4616},[437,475],[329,4618,4546],{"className":4619},[437,4545,475],[329,4621,490],{"className":4622},[489],[329,4624,4626],{"className":4625},[455],[329,4627,4629],{"className":4628,"style":497},[459],[329,4630],{},[329,4632],{"className":4633,"style":504},[503],[329,4635,373],{"className":4636},[508],[329,4638],{"className":4639,"style":504},[503],[329,4641,4643,4646,4649,4652,4655],{"className":4642},[428],[329,4644],{"className":4645,"style":2464},[432],[329,4647,4260],{"className":4648},[437,441],[329,4650],{"className":4651,"style":976},[503],[329,4653,405],{"className":4654},[437],[329,4656,4353],{"className":4657,"style":631},[437,441],[218,4659,4660,4661,4329],{},"Multiple-beam interference arises from repeated round trips, set by the total cavity length ",[329,4662,4664,4708],{"className":4663},[336],[329,4665,4667],{"className":4666},[340],[342,4668,4669],{"xmlns":344},[347,4670,4671,4705],{},[350,4672,4673,4685,4687],{},[353,4674,4675,4677],{},[356,4676,3465],{},[350,4678,4679,4681,4683],{},[356,4680,4253],{},[356,4682,369],{},[356,4684,218],{},[371,4686,398],{},[353,4688,4689,4691],{},[356,4690,3465],{},[350,4692,4693,4695,4697,4699,4701,4703],{},[356,4694,1882],{},[356,4696,369],{},[356,4698,4253],{},[356,4700,4253],{},[356,4702,369],{},[356,4704,4260],{},[416,4706,4707],{"encoding":418},"d_{top}+d_{bottom}",[329,4709,4711,4777],{"className":4710,"ariaHidden":424},[423],[329,4712,4714,4718,4768,4771,4774],{"className":4713},[428],[329,4715],{"className":4716,"style":4717},[432],"height:0.9805em;vertical-align:-0.2861em;",[329,4719,4721,4724],{"className":4720},[437],[329,4722,3465],{"className":4723},[437,441],[329,4725,4727],{"className":4726},[446],[329,4728,4730,4760],{"className":4729},[450,451],[329,4731,4733,4757],{"className":4732},[455],[329,4734,4737],{"className":4735,"style":4736},[459],"height:0.2806em;",[329,4738,4739,4742],{"style":998},[329,4740],{"className":4741,"style":468},[467],[329,4743,4745],{"className":4744},[472,473,474,475],[329,4746,4748,4751,4754],{"className":4747},[437,475],[329,4749,4253],{"className":4750},[437,441,475],[329,4752,369],{"className":4753},[437,441,475],[329,4755,218],{"className":4756},[437,441,475],[329,4758,490],{"className":4759},[489],[329,4761,4763],{"className":4762},[455],[329,4764,4766],{"className":4765,"style":1078},[459],[329,4767],{},[329,4769],{"className":4770,"style":646},[503],[329,4772,398],{"className":4773},[650],[329,4775],{"className":4776,"style":646},[503],[329,4778,4780,4783],{"className":4779},[428],[329,4781],{"className":4782,"style":2233},[432],[329,4784,4786,4789],{"className":4785},[437],[329,4787,3465],{"className":4788},[437,441],[329,4790,4792],{"className":4791},[446],[329,4793,4795,4830],{"className":4794},[450,451],[329,4796,4798,4827],{"className":4797},[455],[329,4799,4801],{"className":4800,"style":746},[459],[329,4802,4803,4806],{"style":998},[329,4804],{"className":4805,"style":468},[467],[329,4807,4809],{"className":4808},[472,473,474,475],[329,4810,4812,4815,4818,4821,4824],{"className":4811},[437,475],[329,4813,1882],{"className":4814},[437,441,475],[329,4816,369],{"className":4817},[437,441,475],[329,4819,4311],{"className":4820},[437,441,475],[329,4822,369],{"className":4823},[437,441,475],[329,4825,4260],{"className":4826},[437,441,475],[329,4828,490],{"className":4829},[489],[329,4831,4833],{"className":4832},[455],[329,4834,4836],{"className":4835,"style":497},[459],[329,4837],{},[329,4839,4841],{"className":4840},[332],[329,4842,4844,4964],{"className":4843},[336],[329,4845,4847],{"className":4846},[340],[342,4848,4849],{"xmlns":344,"display":345},[347,4850,4851,4961],{},[350,4852,4853,4863,4865,4867,4869,4871,4873,4891,4893,4905,4907,4909,4911,4913,4915,4917,4935,4937,4949,4951,4953,4955,4957,4959],{},[380,4854,4855,4861],{},[350,4856,4857,4859],{},[383,4858,405],{},[356,4860,4353],{},[356,4862,4356],{},[844,4864,846],{},[383,4866,405],{},[356,4868,1715],{},[844,4870,846],{},[371,4872,1904],{"stretchy":378},[353,4874,4875,4877],{},[356,4876,3465],{},[350,4878,4879,4881,4883,4885,4887,4889],{},[356,4880,1882],{"mathvariant":1225},[356,4882,369],{"mathvariant":1225},[356,4884,4253],{"mathvariant":1225},[356,4886,4253],{"mathvariant":1225},[356,4888,369],{"mathvariant":1225},[356,4890,4260],{"mathvariant":1225},[371,4892,398],{},[353,4894,4895,4897],{},[356,4896,3465],{},[350,4898,4899,4901,4903],{},[356,4900,4253],{"mathvariant":1225},[356,4902,369],{"mathvariant":1225},[356,4904,218],{"mathvariant":1225},[371,4906,1918],{"stretchy":378},[356,4908,4385],{},[371,4910,3483],{},[356,4912,3488],{},[371,4914,1909],{},[371,4916,1904],{"stretchy":378},[353,4918,4919,4921],{},[356,4920,4396],{},[350,4922,4923,4925,4927,4929,4931,4933],{},[356,4924,1882],{"mathvariant":1225},[356,4926,369],{"mathvariant":1225},[356,4928,4253],{"mathvariant":1225},[356,4930,4253],{"mathvariant":1225},[356,4932,369],{"mathvariant":1225},[356,4934,4260],{"mathvariant":1225},[371,4936,398],{},[353,4938,4939,4941],{},[356,4940,4396],{},[350,4942,4943,4945,4947],{},[356,4944,4253],{"mathvariant":1225},[356,4946,369],{"mathvariant":1225},[356,4948,218],{"mathvariant":1225},[371,4950,1918],{"stretchy":378},[371,4952,373],{},[356,4954,4260],{},[844,4956,846],{},[383,4958,405],{},[356,4960,4353],{},[416,4962,4963],{"encoding":418},"\\frac{2\\pi}{\\lambda}\\,2n\\,(d_{\\mathrm{bottom}}+d_{\\mathrm{top}})\\cos\\theta-(\\phi_{\\mathrm{bottom}}+\\phi_{\\mathrm{top}})=m\\,2\\pi",[329,4965,4967,5108,5186,5250,5314],{"className":4966,"ariaHidden":424},[423],[329,4968,4970,4973,5038,5041,5044,5047,5050,5053,5099,5102,5105],{"className":4969},[428],[329,4971],{"className":4972,"style":1754},[432],[329,4974,4976,4979,5035],{"className":4975},[437],[329,4977],{"className":4978},[525,526],[329,4980,4982],{"className":4981},[380],[329,4983,4985,5027],{"className":4984},[450,451],[329,4986,4988,5024],{"className":4987},[455],[329,4989,4991,5002,5010],{"className":4990,"style":1773},[459],[329,4992,4993,4996],{"style":1776},[329,4994],{"className":4995,"style":546},[467],[329,4997,4999],{"className":4998},[437],[329,5000,4356],{"className":5001},[437,441],[329,5003,5004,5007],{"style":558},[329,5005],{"className":5006,"style":546},[467],[329,5008],{"className":5009,"style":566},[565],[329,5011,5012,5015],{"style":1830},[329,5013],{"className":5014,"style":546},[467],[329,5016,5018,5021],{"className":5017},[437],[329,5019,405],{"className":5020},[437],[329,5022,4353],{"className":5023,"style":631},[437,441],[329,5025,490],{"className":5026},[489],[329,5028,5030],{"className":5029},[455],[329,5031,5033],{"className":5032,"style":1849},[459],[329,5034],{},[329,5036],{"className":5037},[597,526],[329,5039],{"className":5040,"style":976},[503],[329,5042,405],{"className":5043},[437],[329,5045,1715],{"className":5046},[437,441],[329,5048],{"className":5049,"style":976},[503],[329,5051,1904],{"className":5052},[525],[329,5054,5056,5059],{"className":5055},[437],[329,5057,3465],{"className":5058},[437,441],[329,5060,5062],{"className":5061},[446],[329,5063,5065,5091],{"className":5064},[450,451],[329,5066,5068,5088],{"className":5067},[455],[329,5069,5071],{"className":5070,"style":746},[459],[329,5072,5073,5076],{"style":998},[329,5074],{"className":5075,"style":468},[467],[329,5077,5079],{"className":5078},[472,473,474,475],[329,5080,5082],{"className":5081},[437,475],[329,5083,5085],{"className":5084},[437,475],[329,5086,4546],{"className":5087},[437,4545,475],[329,5089,490],{"className":5090},[489],[329,5092,5094],{"className":5093},[455],[329,5095,5097],{"className":5096,"style":497},[459],[329,5098],{},[329,5100],{"className":5101,"style":646},[503],[329,5103,398],{"className":5104},[650],[329,5106],{"className":5107,"style":646},[503],[329,5109,5111,5115,5162,5165,5168,5171,5174,5177,5180,5183],{"className":5110},[428],[329,5112],{"className":5113,"style":5114},[432],"height:1.0361em;vertical-align:-0.2861em;",[329,5116,5118,5121],{"className":5117},[437],[329,5119,3465],{"className":5120},[437,441],[329,5122,5124],{"className":5123},[446],[329,5125,5127,5154],{"className":5126},[450,451],[329,5128,5130,5151],{"className":5129},[455],[329,5131,5133],{"className":5132,"style":4736},[459],[329,5134,5135,5138],{"style":998},[329,5136],{"className":5137,"style":468},[467],[329,5139,5141],{"className":5140},[472,473,474,475],[329,5142,5144],{"className":5143},[437,475],[329,5145,5147],{"className":5146},[437,475],[329,5148,5150],{"className":5149},[437,4545,475],"top",[329,5152,490],{"className":5153},[489],[329,5155,5157],{"className":5156},[455],[329,5158,5160],{"className":5159,"style":1078},[459],[329,5161],{},[329,5163,1918],{"className":5164},[597],[329,5166],{"className":5167,"style":976},[503],[329,5169,4385],{"className":5170},[3528],[329,5172],{"className":5173,"style":976},[503],[329,5175,3488],{"className":5176,"style":3655},[437,441],[329,5178],{"className":5179,"style":646},[503],[329,5181,1909],{"className":5182},[650],[329,5184],{"className":5185,"style":646},[503],[329,5187,5189,5192,5195,5241,5244,5247],{"className":5188},[428],[329,5190],{"className":5191,"style":1255},[432],[329,5193,1904],{"className":5194},[525],[329,5196,5198,5201],{"className":5197},[437],[329,5199,4396],{"className":5200},[437,441],[329,5202,5204],{"className":5203},[446],[329,5205,5207,5233],{"className":5206},[450,451],[329,5208,5210,5230],{"className":5209},[455],[329,5211,5213],{"className":5212,"style":746},[459],[329,5214,5215,5218],{"style":998},[329,5216],{"className":5217,"style":468},[467],[329,5219,5221],{"className":5220},[472,473,474,475],[329,5222,5224],{"className":5223},[437,475],[329,5225,5227],{"className":5226},[437,475],[329,5228,4546],{"className":5229},[437,4545,475],[329,5231,490],{"className":5232},[489],[329,5234,5236],{"className":5235},[455],[329,5237,5239],{"className":5238,"style":497},[459],[329,5240],{},[329,5242],{"className":5243,"style":646},[503],[329,5245,398],{"className":5246},[650],[329,5248],{"className":5249,"style":646},[503],[329,5251,5253,5256,5302,5305,5308,5311],{"className":5252},[428],[329,5254],{"className":5255,"style":5114},[432],[329,5257,5259,5262],{"className":5258},[437],[329,5260,4396],{"className":5261},[437,441],[329,5263,5265],{"className":5264},[446],[329,5266,5268,5294],{"className":5267},[450,451],[329,5269,5271,5291],{"className":5270},[455],[329,5272,5274],{"className":5273,"style":4736},[459],[329,5275,5276,5279],{"style":998},[329,5277],{"className":5278,"style":468},[467],[329,5280,5282],{"className":5281},[472,473,474,475],[329,5283,5285],{"className":5284},[437,475],[329,5286,5288],{"className":5287},[437,475],[329,5289,5150],{"className":5290},[437,4545,475],[329,5292,490],{"className":5293},[489],[329,5295,5297],{"className":5296},[455],[329,5298,5300],{"className":5299,"style":1078},[459],[329,5301],{},[329,5303,1918],{"className":5304},[597],[329,5306],{"className":5307,"style":504},[503],[329,5309,373],{"className":5310},[508],[329,5312],{"className":5313,"style":504},[503],[329,5315,5317,5320,5323,5326,5329],{"className":5316},[428],[329,5318],{"className":5319,"style":2464},[432],[329,5321,4260],{"className":5322},[437,441],[329,5324],{"className":5325,"style":976},[503],[329,5327,405],{"className":5328},[437],[329,5330,4353],{"className":5331,"style":631},[437,441],[218,5333,5334],{},"A single metal electrode forms a weak microcavity; adding a semitransparent metal electrode (or DBR) forms a strong microcavity with stronger interference. Microcavity tuning is via the emitter-reflector distance and cavity length (HTL/ETL/EML thickness, dipole position).",[218,5336,5337],{},"Totally internally reflected light forms interference-supported waveguide modes that ultimately become thermal loss. Waveguide losses are typically 30%-70% of total losses (device-dependent), so suppressing them is key to LEE. The waveguide (transverse-resonance) condition is",[329,5339,5341],{"className":5340},[332],[329,5342,5344,5451],{"className":5343},[336],[329,5345,5347],{"className":5346},[340],[342,5348,5349],{"xmlns":344,"display":345},[347,5350,5351,5448],{},[350,5352,5353,5360,5374,5376,5378,5380,5382,5384,5386,5388,5390,5400,5402,5412,5414,5416,5418,5420,5422,5424,5426,5429,5431,5433,5435,5437,5439,5441,5443,5445],{},[353,5354,5355,5357],{},[356,5356,1715],{},[356,5358,5359],{},"g",[380,5361,5362,5368],{},[350,5363,5364,5366],{},[383,5365,405],{},[356,5367,4353],{},[353,5369,5370,5372],{},[356,5371,4356],{},[383,5373,377],{},[371,5375,1904],{"stretchy":378},[383,5377,405],{},[356,5379,3465],{},[356,5381,4385],{},[371,5383,3483],{},[356,5385,3488],{},[371,5387,1918],{"stretchy":378},[371,5389,1909],{},[353,5391,5392,5394],{},[356,5393,4396],{},[350,5395,5396,5398],{},[356,5397,5359],{},[356,5399,4253],{},[371,5401,1909],{},[353,5403,5404,5406],{},[356,5405,4396],{},[350,5407,5408,5410],{},[356,5409,5359],{},[356,5411,1882],{},[371,5413,373],{},[356,5415,4260],{},[371,5417,1904],{"stretchy":378},[383,5419,405],{},[356,5421,4353],{},[371,5423,1918],{"stretchy":378},[371,5425,3470],{"separator":424},[503,5427],{"width":5428},"1em",[356,5430,4260],{},[371,5432,373],{},[383,5434,377],{},[371,5436,3470],{"separator":424},[383,5438,385],{},[371,5440,3470],{"separator":424},[383,5442,405],{},[371,5444,3470],{"separator":424},[371,5446,5447],{},"…",[416,5449,5450],{"encoding":418},"n_{g}\\frac{2\\pi}{\\lambda_{0}}(2d\\cos\\theta)-\\phi_{gt}-\\phi_{gb}=m(2\\pi),\\quad m=0,1,2,\\dots",[329,5452,5454,5642,5703,5764,5807],{"className":5453,"ariaHidden":424},[423],[329,5455,5457,5461,5504,5609,5612,5615,5618,5621,5624,5627,5630,5633,5636,5639],{"className":5456},[428],[329,5458],{"className":5459,"style":5460},[432],"height:2.1574em;vertical-align:-0.836em;",[329,5462,5464,5467],{"className":5463},[437],[329,5465,1715],{"className":5466},[437,441],[329,5468,5470],{"className":5469},[446],[329,5471,5473,5496],{"className":5472},[450,451],[329,5474,5476,5493],{"className":5475},[455],[329,5477,5479],{"className":5478,"style":616},[459],[329,5480,5481,5484],{"style":998},[329,5482],{"className":5483,"style":468},[467],[329,5485,5487],{"className":5486},[472,473,474,475],[329,5488,5490],{"className":5489},[437,475],[329,5491,5359],{"className":5492,"style":631},[437,441,475],[329,5494,490],{"className":5495},[489],[329,5497,5499],{"className":5498},[455],[329,5500,5502],{"className":5501,"style":1078},[459],[329,5503],{},[329,5505,5507,5510,5606],{"className":5506},[437],[329,5508],{"className":5509},[525,526],[329,5511,5513],{"className":5512},[380],[329,5514,5516,5598],{"className":5515},[450,451],[329,5517,5519,5595],{"className":5518},[455],[329,5520,5522,5573,5581],{"className":5521,"style":1773},[459],[329,5523,5524,5527],{"style":1776},[329,5525],{"className":5526,"style":546},[467],[329,5528,5530],{"className":5529},[437],[329,5531,5533,5536],{"className":5532},[437],[329,5534,4356],{"className":5535},[437,441],[329,5537,5539],{"className":5538},[446],[329,5540,5542,5565],{"className":5541},[450,451],[329,5543,5545,5562],{"className":5544},[455],[329,5546,5548],{"className":5547,"style":1975},[459],[329,5549,5550,5553],{"style":998},[329,5551],{"className":5552,"style":468},[467],[329,5554,5556],{"className":5555},[472,473,474,475],[329,5557,5559],{"className":5558},[437,475],[329,5560,377],{"className":5561},[437,475],[329,5563,490],{"className":5564},[489],[329,5566,5568],{"className":5567},[455],[329,5569,5571],{"className":5570,"style":497},[459],[329,5572],{},[329,5574,5575,5578],{"style":558},[329,5576],{"className":5577,"style":546},[467],[329,5579],{"className":5580,"style":566},[565],[329,5582,5583,5586],{"style":1830},[329,5584],{"className":5585,"style":546},[467],[329,5587,5589,5592],{"className":5588},[437],[329,5590,405],{"className":5591},[437],[329,5593,4353],{"className":5594,"style":631},[437,441],[329,5596,490],{"className":5597},[489],[329,5599,5601],{"className":5600},[455],[329,5602,5604],{"className":5603,"style":3216},[459],[329,5605],{},[329,5607],{"className":5608},[597,526],[329,5610,1904],{"className":5611},[525],[329,5613,405],{"className":5614},[437],[329,5616,3465],{"className":5617},[437,441],[329,5619],{"className":5620,"style":976},[503],[329,5622,4385],{"className":5623},[3528],[329,5625],{"className":5626,"style":976},[503],[329,5628,3488],{"className":5629,"style":3655},[437,441],[329,5631,1918],{"className":5632},[597],[329,5634],{"className":5635,"style":646},[503],[329,5637,1909],{"className":5638},[650],[329,5640],{"className":5641,"style":646},[503],[329,5643,5645,5648,5694,5697,5700],{"className":5644},[428],[329,5646],{"className":5647,"style":4717},[432],[329,5649,5651,5654],{"className":5650},[437],[329,5652,4396],{"className":5653},[437,441],[329,5655,5657],{"className":5656},[446],[329,5658,5660,5686],{"className":5659},[450,451],[329,5661,5663,5683],{"className":5662},[455],[329,5664,5666],{"className":5665,"style":4736},[459],[329,5667,5668,5671],{"style":998},[329,5669],{"className":5670,"style":468},[467],[329,5672,5674],{"className":5673},[472,473,474,475],[329,5675,5677,5680],{"className":5676},[437,475],[329,5678,5359],{"className":5679,"style":631},[437,441,475],[329,5681,4253],{"className":5682},[437,441,475],[329,5684,490],{"className":5685},[489],[329,5687,5689],{"className":5688},[455],[329,5690,5692],{"className":5691,"style":1078},[459],[329,5693],{},[329,5695],{"className":5696,"style":646},[503],[329,5698,1909],{"className":5699},[650],[329,5701],{"className":5702,"style":646},[503],[329,5704,5706,5709,5755,5758,5761],{"className":5705},[428],[329,5707],{"className":5708,"style":4717},[432],[329,5710,5712,5715],{"className":5711},[437],[329,5713,4396],{"className":5714},[437,441],[329,5716,5718],{"className":5717},[446],[329,5719,5721,5747],{"className":5720},[450,451],[329,5722,5724,5744],{"className":5723},[455],[329,5725,5727],{"className":5726,"style":746},[459],[329,5728,5729,5732],{"style":998},[329,5730],{"className":5731,"style":468},[467],[329,5733,5735],{"className":5734},[472,473,474,475],[329,5736,5738,5741],{"className":5737},[437,475],[329,5739,5359],{"className":5740,"style":631},[437,441,475],[329,5742,1882],{"className":5743},[437,441,475],[329,5745,490],{"className":5746},[489],[329,5748,5750],{"className":5749},[455],[329,5751,5753],{"className":5752,"style":1078},[459],[329,5754],{},[329,5756],{"className":5757,"style":504},[503],[329,5759,373],{"className":5760},[508],[329,5762],{"className":5763,"style":504},[503],[329,5765,5767,5770,5773,5776,5779,5782,5785,5788,5792,5795,5798,5801,5804],{"className":5766},[428],[329,5768],{"className":5769,"style":1255},[432],[329,5771,4260],{"className":5772},[437,441],[329,5774,1904],{"className":5775},[525],[329,5777,405],{"className":5778},[437],[329,5780,4353],{"className":5781,"style":631},[437,441],[329,5783,1918],{"className":5784},[597],[329,5786,3470],{"className":5787},[3617],[329,5789],{"className":5790,"style":5791},[503],"margin-right:1em;",[329,5793],{"className":5794,"style":976},[503],[329,5796,4260],{"className":5797},[437,441],[329,5799],{"className":5800,"style":504},[503],[329,5802,373],{"className":5803},[508],[329,5805],{"className":5806,"style":504},[503],[329,5808,5810,5814,5817,5820,5823,5826,5829,5832,5835,5838,5841],{"className":5809},[428],[329,5811],{"className":5812,"style":5813},[432],"height:0.8389em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;",[329,5815,377],{"className":5816},[437],[329,5818,3470],{"className":5819},[3617],[329,5821],{"className":5822,"style":976},[503],[329,5824,385],{"className":5825},[437],[329,5827,3470],{"className":5828},[3617],[329,5830],{"className":5831,"style":976},[503],[329,5833,405],{"className":5834},[437],[329,5836,3470],{"className":5837},[3617],[329,5839],{"className":5840,"style":976},[503],[329,5842,5447],{"className":5843},[5844],"minner",[218,5846,5847,5848,5876,5877,5906,5907,5936,5937,5966,5967,5995],{},"Waveguide formation depends on cavity length ",[329,5849,5851,5864],{"className":5850},[336],[329,5852,5854],{"className":5853},[340],[342,5855,5856],{"xmlns":344},[347,5857,5858,5862],{},[350,5859,5860],{},[356,5861,3465],{},[416,5863,3465],{"encoding":418},[329,5865,5867],{"className":5866,"ariaHidden":424},[423],[329,5868,5870,5873],{"className":5869},[428],[329,5871],{"className":5872,"style":1937},[432],[329,5874,3465],{"className":5875},[437,441],", index ",[329,5878,5880,5893],{"className":5879},[336],[329,5881,5883],{"className":5882},[340],[342,5884,5885],{"xmlns":344},[347,5886,5887,5891],{},[350,5888,5889],{},[356,5890,1715],{},[416,5892,1715],{"encoding":418},[329,5894,5896],{"className":5895,"ariaHidden":424},[423],[329,5897,5899,5903],{"className":5898},[428],[329,5900],{"className":5901,"style":5902},[432],"height:0.4306em;",[329,5904,1715],{"className":5905},[437,441],", angle ",[329,5908,5910,5924],{"className":5909},[336],[329,5911,5913],{"className":5912},[340],[342,5914,5915],{"xmlns":344},[347,5916,5917,5921],{},[350,5918,5919],{},[356,5920,3488],{},[416,5922,5923],{"encoding":418},"\\theta",[329,5925,5927],{"className":5926,"ariaHidden":424},[423],[329,5928,5930,5933],{"className":5929},[428],[329,5931],{"className":5932,"style":1937},[432],[329,5934,3488],{"className":5935,"style":3655},[437,441],", wavelength ",[329,5938,5940,5954],{"className":5939},[336],[329,5941,5943],{"className":5942},[340],[342,5944,5945],{"xmlns":344},[347,5946,5947,5951],{},[350,5948,5949],{},[356,5950,4356],{},[416,5952,5953],{"encoding":418},"\\lambda",[329,5955,5957],{"className":5956,"ariaHidden":424},[423],[329,5958,5960,5963],{"className":5959},[428],[329,5961],{"className":5962,"style":1937},[432],[329,5964,4356],{"className":5965},[437,441],", and polarization; longer cavities admit more integer ",[329,5968,5970,5983],{"className":5969},[336],[329,5971,5973],{"className":5972},[340],[342,5974,5975],{"xmlns":344},[347,5976,5977,5981],{},[350,5978,5979],{},[356,5980,4260],{},[416,5982,4260],{"encoding":418},[329,5984,5986],{"className":5985,"ariaHidden":424},[423],[329,5987,5989,5992],{"className":5988},[428],[329,5990],{"className":5991,"style":5902},[432],[329,5993,4260],{"className":5994},[437,441]," (more modes), so thinner devices are easier to control.",[218,5997,5998],{},"Near a metal-dielectric interface, the emitter couples energy into surface plasmon polaritons (SPP) through the near field, producing non-radiative loss and shortening the fluorescence lifetime (toward zero at close range). By the Drude model, the SPP resonance frequency depends on the metal and dielectric indices; for fixed materials, wavelength, dipole-metal distance, and dipole orientation control SPP loss. TM polarization is required to excite SPPs, and vertical-dipole emission is entirely TM-polarized, so vertical dipoles are the dominant SPP source.",[222,6000,6002],{"id":6001},"power-dissipation-and-in-plane-wave-vector","Power Dissipation and In-Plane Wave Vector",[218,6004,6005],{},"The in-plane wave vector is the projection of the wave vector onto the interface plane:",[329,6007,6009],{"className":6008},[332],[329,6010,6012,6103],{"className":6011},[336],[329,6013,6015],{"className":6014},[340],[342,6016,6017],{"xmlns":344,"display":345},[347,6018,6019,6100],{},[350,6020,6021,6024,6026,6062,6064,6066,6076,6078],{},[356,6022,6023],{},"k",[371,6025,373],{},[6027,6028,6029],"msqrt",{},[350,6030,6031,6040,6042,6051,6053],{},[3442,6032,6033,6035,6038],{},[356,6034,6023],{},[356,6036,6037],{},"x",[383,6039,405],{},[371,6041,398],{},[3442,6043,6044,6046,6049],{},[356,6045,6023],{},[356,6047,6048],{},"y",[383,6050,405],{},[371,6052,398],{},[3442,6054,6055,6057,6060],{},[356,6056,6023],{},[356,6058,6059],{},"z",[383,6061,405],{},[371,6063,3470],{"separator":424},[503,6065],{"width":3473},[353,6067,6068,6070],{},[356,6069,6023],{},[350,6071,6072,6074],{},[356,6073,363],{},[356,6075,1715],{},[371,6077,373],{},[6027,6079,6080],{},[350,6081,6082,6090,6092],{},[3442,6083,6084,6086,6088],{},[356,6085,6023],{},[356,6087,6037],{},[383,6089,405],{},[371,6091,398],{},[3442,6093,6094,6096,6098],{},[356,6095,6023],{},[356,6097,6048],{},[383,6099,405],{},[416,6101,6102],{"encoding":418},"k=\\sqrt{k_x^2+k_y^2+k_z^2},\\qquad k_{in}=\\sqrt{k_x^2+k_y^2}",[329,6104,6106,6125,6432],{"className":6105,"ariaHidden":424},[423],[329,6107,6109,6112,6116,6119,6122],{"className":6108},[428],[329,6110],{"className":6111,"style":1937},[432],[329,6113,6023],{"className":6114,"style":6115},[437,441],"margin-right:0.03148em;",[329,6117],{"className":6118,"style":504},[503],[329,6120,373],{"className":6121},[508],[329,6123],{"className":6124,"style":504},[503],[329,6126,6128,6132,6369,6372,6375,6378,6423,6426,6429],{"className":6127},[428],[329,6129],{"className":6130,"style":6131},[432],"height:1.84em;vertical-align:-0.6276em;",[329,6133,6136],{"className":6134},[437,6135],"sqrt",[329,6137,6139,6360],{"className":6138},[450,451],[329,6140,6142,6357],{"className":6141},[455],[329,6143,6146,6334],{"className":6144,"style":6145},[459],"height:1.2124em;",[329,6147,6151,6155],{"className":6148,"style":6150},[6149],"svg-align","top:-3.8em;",[329,6152],{"className":6153,"style":6154},[467],"height:3.8em;",[329,6156,6159,6212,6215,6218,6221,6273,6276,6279,6282],{"className":6157,"style":6158},[437],"padding-left:1em;",[329,6160,6162,6165],{"className":6161},[437],[329,6163,6023],{"className":6164,"style":6115},[437,441],[329,6166,6168],{"className":6167},[446],[329,6169,6171,6203],{"className":6170},[450,451],[329,6172,6174,6200],{"className":6173},[455],[329,6175,6177,6189],{"className":6176,"style":1804},[459],[329,6178,6180,6183],{"style":6179},"top:-2.453em;margin-left:-0.0315em;margin-right:0.05em;",[329,6181],{"className":6182,"style":468},[467],[329,6184,6186],{"className":6185},[472,473,474,475],[329,6187,6037],{"className":6188},[437,441,475],[329,6190,6191,6194],{"style":1807},[329,6192],{"className":6193,"style":468},[467],[329,6195,6197],{"className":6196},[472,473,474,475],[329,6198,405],{"className":6199},[437,475],[329,6201,490],{"className":6202},[489],[329,6204,6206],{"className":6205},[455],[329,6207,6210],{"className":6208,"style":6209},[459],"height:0.247em;",[329,6211],{},[329,6213],{"className":6214,"style":646},[503],[329,6216,398],{"className":6217},[650],[329,6219],{"className":6220,"style":646},[503],[329,6222,6224,6227],{"className":6223},[437],[329,6225,6023],{"className":6226,"style":6115},[437,441],[329,6228,6230],{"className":6229},[446],[329,6231,6233,6264],{"className":6232},[450,451],[329,6234,6236,6261],{"className":6235},[455],[329,6237,6239,6250],{"className":6238,"style":1804},[459],[329,6240,6241,6244],{"style":6179},[329,6242],{"className":6243,"style":468},[467],[329,6245,6247],{"className":6246},[472,473,474,475],[329,6248,6048],{"className":6249,"style":631},[437,441,475],[329,6251,6252,6255],{"style":1807},[329,6253],{"className":6254,"style":468},[467],[329,6256,6258],{"className":6257},[472,473,474,475],[329,6259,405],{"className":6260},[437,475],[329,6262,490],{"className":6263},[489],[329,6265,6267],{"className":6266},[455],[329,6268,6271],{"className":6269,"style":6270},[459],"height:0.3831em;",[329,6272],{},[329,6274],{"className":6275,"style":646},[503],[329,6277,398],{"className":6278},[650],[329,6280],{"className":6281,"style":646},[503],[329,6283,6285,6288],{"className":6284},[437],[329,6286,6023],{"className":6287,"style":6115},[437,441],[329,6289,6291],{"className":6290},[446],[329,6292,6294,6326],{"className":6293},[450,451],[329,6295,6297,6323],{"className":6296},[455],[329,6298,6300,6312],{"className":6299,"style":1804},[459],[329,6301,6302,6305],{"style":6179},[329,6303],{"className":6304,"style":468},[467],[329,6306,6308],{"className":6307},[472,473,474,475],[329,6309,6059],{"className":6310,"style":6311},[437,441,475],"margin-right:0.04398em;",[329,6313,6314,6317],{"style":1807},[329,6315],{"className":6316,"style":468},[467],[329,6318,6320],{"className":6319},[472,473,474,475],[329,6321,405],{"className":6322},[437,475],[329,6324,490],{"className":6325},[489],[329,6327,6329],{"className":6328},[455],[329,6330,6332],{"className":6331,"style":6209},[459],[329,6333],{},[329,6335,6337,6340],{"style":6336},"top:-3.1724em;",[329,6338],{"className":6339,"style":6154},[467],[329,6341,6345],{"className":6342,"style":6344},[6343],"hide-tail","min-width:1.02em;height:1.88em;",[6346,6347,6353],"svg",{"xmlns":6348,"width":6349,"height":6350,"viewBox":6351,"preserveAspectRatio":6352},"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg","400em","1.88em","0 0 400000 1944","xMinYMin slice",[6354,6355],"path",{"d":6356},"M983 90\nl0 -0\nc4,-6.7,10,-10,18,-10 H400000v40\nH1013.1s-83.4,268,-264.1,840c-180.7,572,-277,876.3,-289,913c-4.7,4.7,-12.7,7,-24,7\ns-12,0,-12,0c-1.3,-3.3,-3.7,-11.7,-7,-25c-35.3,-125.3,-106.7,-373.3,-214,-744\nc-10,12,-21,25,-33,39s-32,39,-32,39c-6,-5.3,-15,-14,-27,-26s25,-30,25,-30\nc26.7,-32.7,52,-63,76,-91s52,-60,52,-60s208,722,208,722\nc56,-175.3,126.3,-397.3,211,-666c84.7,-268.7,153.8,-488.2,207.5,-658.5\nc53.7,-170.3,84.5,-266.8,92.5,-289.5z\nM1001 80h400000v40h-400000z",[329,6358,490],{"className":6359},[489],[329,6361,6363],{"className":6362},[455],[329,6364,6367],{"className":6365,"style":6366},[459],"height:0.6276em;",[329,6368],{},[329,6370,3470],{"className":6371},[3617],[329,6373],{"className":6374,"style":3621},[503],[329,6376],{"className":6377,"style":976},[503],[329,6379,6381,6384],{"className":6380},[437],[329,6382,6023],{"className":6383,"style":6115},[437,441],[329,6385,6387],{"className":6386},[446],[329,6388,6390,6415],{"className":6389},[450,451],[329,6391,6393,6412],{"className":6392},[455],[329,6394,6396],{"className":6395,"style":460},[459],[329,6397,6399,6402],{"style":6398},"top:-2.55em;margin-left:-0.0315em;margin-right:0.05em;",[329,6400],{"className":6401,"style":468},[467],[329,6403,6405],{"className":6404},[472,473,474,475],[329,6406,6408],{"className":6407},[437,475],[329,6409,6411],{"className":6410},[437,441,475],"in",[329,6413,490],{"className":6414},[489],[329,6416,6418],{"className":6417},[455],[329,6419,6421],{"className":6420,"style":497},[459],[329,6422],{},[329,6424],{"className":6425,"style":504},[503],[329,6427,373],{"className":6428},[508],[329,6430],{"className":6431,"style":504},[503],[329,6433,6435,6438],{"className":6434},[428],[329,6436],{"className":6437,"style":6131},[432],[329,6439,6441],{"className":6440},[437,6135],[329,6442,6444,6585],{"className":6443},[450,451],[329,6445,6447,6582],{"className":6446},[455],[329,6448,6450,6570],{"className":6449,"style":6145},[459],[329,6451,6453,6456],{"className":6452,"style":6150},[6149],[329,6454],{"className":6455,"style":6154},[467],[329,6457,6459,6510,6513,6516,6519],{"className":6458,"style":6158},[437],[329,6460,6462,6465],{"className":6461},[437],[329,6463,6023],{"className":6464,"style":6115},[437,441],[329,6466,6468],{"className":6467},[446],[329,6469,6471,6502],{"className":6470},[450,451],[329,6472,6474,6499],{"className":6473},[455],[329,6475,6477,6488],{"className":6476,"style":1804},[459],[329,6478,6479,6482],{"style":6179},[329,6480],{"className":6481,"style":468},[467],[329,6483,6485],{"className":6484},[472,473,474,475],[329,6486,6037],{"className":6487},[437,441,475],[329,6489,6490,6493],{"style":1807},[329,6491],{"className":6492,"style":468},[467],[329,6494,6496],{"className":6495},[472,473,474,475],[329,6497,405],{"className":6498},[437,475],[329,6500,490],{"className":6501},[489],[329,6503,6505],{"className":6504},[455],[329,6506,6508],{"className":6507,"style":6209},[459],[329,6509],{},[329,6511],{"className":6512,"style":646},[503],[329,6514,398],{"className":6515},[650],[329,6517],{"className":6518,"style":646},[503],[329,6520,6522,6525],{"className":6521},[437],[329,6523,6023],{"className":6524,"style":6115},[437,441],[329,6526,6528],{"className":6527},[446],[329,6529,6531,6562],{"className":6530},[450,451],[329,6532,6534,6559],{"className":6533},[455],[329,6535,6537,6548],{"className":6536,"style":1804},[459],[329,6538,6539,6542],{"style":6179},[329,6540],{"className":6541,"style":468},[467],[329,6543,6545],{"className":6544},[472,473,474,475],[329,6546,6048],{"className":6547,"style":631},[437,441,475],[329,6549,6550,6553],{"style":1807},[329,6551],{"className":6552,"style":468},[467],[329,6554,6556],{"className":6555},[472,473,474,475],[329,6557,405],{"className":6558},[437,475],[329,6560,490],{"className":6561},[489],[329,6563,6565],{"className":6564},[455],[329,6566,6568],{"className":6567,"style":6270},[459],[329,6569],{},[329,6571,6572,6575],{"style":6336},[329,6573],{"className":6574,"style":6154},[467],[329,6576,6578],{"className":6577,"style":6344},[6343],[6346,6579,6580],{"xmlns":6348,"width":6349,"height":6350,"viewBox":6351,"preserveAspectRatio":6352},[6354,6581],{"d":6356},[329,6583,490],{"className":6584},[489],[329,6586,6588],{"className":6587},[455],[329,6589,6591],{"className":6590,"style":6366},[459],[329,6592],{},[329,6594,6596],{"className":6595},[332],[329,6597,6599,6679],{"className":6598},[336],[329,6600,6602],{"className":6601},[340],[342,6603,6604],{"xmlns":344,"display":345},[347,6605,6606,6676],{},[350,6607,6608,6618,6620,6626,6634,6636,6638,6644,6646,6652,6666,6668,6670],{},[353,6609,6610,6612],{},[356,6611,6023],{},[350,6613,6614,6616],{},[356,6615,363],{},[356,6617,1715],{},[371,6619,373],{},[353,6621,6622,6624],{},[356,6623,1715],{},[356,6625,363],{},[380,6627,6628,6631],{},[356,6629,6630],{},"ω",[356,6632,6633],{},"c",[356,6635,3480],{},[371,6637,3483],{},[353,6639,6640,6642],{},[356,6641,3488],{},[356,6643,363],{},[371,6645,373],{},[353,6647,6648,6650],{},[356,6649,1715],{},[356,6651,363],{},[380,6653,6654,6660],{},[350,6655,6656,6658],{},[383,6657,405],{},[356,6659,4353],{},[353,6661,6662,6664],{},[356,6663,4356],{},[383,6665,377],{},[356,6667,3480],{},[371,6669,3483],{},[353,6671,6672,6674],{},[356,6673,3488],{},[356,6675,363],{},[416,6677,6678],{"encoding":418},"k_{in}=n_i\\frac{\\omega}{c}\\sin\\theta_i=n_i\\frac{2\\pi}{\\lambda_0}\\sin\\theta_i",[329,6680,6682,6740,6906],{"className":6681,"ariaHidden":424},[423],[329,6683,6685,6688,6731,6734,6737],{"className":6684},[428],[329,6686],{"className":6687,"style":2233},[432],[329,6689,6691,6694],{"className":6690},[437],[329,6692,6023],{"className":6693,"style":6115},[437,441],[329,6695,6697],{"className":6696},[446],[329,6698,6700,6723],{"className":6699},[450,451],[329,6701,6703,6720],{"className":6702},[455],[329,6704,6706],{"className":6705,"style":460},[459],[329,6707,6708,6711],{"style":6398},[329,6709],{"className":6710,"style":468},[467],[329,6712,6714],{"className":6713},[472,473,474,475],[329,6715,6717],{"className":6716},[437,475],[329,6718,6411],{"className":6719},[437,441,475],[329,6721,490],{"className":6722},[489],[329,6724,6726],{"className":6725},[455],[329,6727,6729],{"className":6728,"style":497},[459],[329,6730],{},[329,6732],{"className":6733,"style":504},[503],[329,6735,373],{"className":6736},[508],[329,6738],{"className":6739,"style":504},[503],[329,6741,6743,6746,6786,6848,6851,6854,6857,6897,6900,6903],{"className":6742},[428],[329,6744],{"className":6745,"style":2996},[432],[329,6747,6749,6752],{"className":6748},[437],[329,6750,1715],{"className":6751},[437,441],[329,6753,6755],{"className":6754},[446],[329,6756,6758,6778],{"className":6757},[450,451],[329,6759,6761,6775],{"className":6760},[455],[329,6762,6764],{"className":6763,"style":460},[459],[329,6765,6766,6769],{"style":998},[329,6767],{"className":6768,"style":468},[467],[329,6770,6772],{"className":6771},[472,473,474,475],[329,6773,363],{"className":6774},[437,441,475],[329,6776,490],{"className":6777},[489],[329,6779,6781],{"className":6780},[455],[329,6782,6784],{"className":6783,"style":497},[459],[329,6785],{},[329,6787,6789,6792,6845],{"className":6788},[437],[329,6790],{"className":6791},[525,526],[329,6793,6795],{"className":6794},[380],[329,6796,6798,6837],{"className":6797},[450,451],[329,6799,6801,6834],{"className":6800},[455],[329,6802,6804,6815,6823],{"className":6803,"style":3015},[459],[329,6805,6806,6809],{"style":1776},[329,6807],{"className":6808,"style":546},[467],[329,6810,6812],{"className":6811},[437],[329,6813,6633],{"className":6814},[437,441],[329,6816,6817,6820],{"style":558},[329,6818],{"className":6819,"style":546},[467],[329,6821],{"className":6822,"style":566},[565],[329,6824,6825,6828],{"style":1830},[329,6826],{"className":6827,"style":546},[467],[329,6829,6831],{"className":6830},[437],[329,6832,6630],{"className":6833,"style":631},[437,441],[329,6835,490],{"className":6836},[489],[329,6838,6840],{"className":6839},[455],[329,6841,6843],{"className":6842,"style":1849},[459],[329,6844],{},[329,6846],{"className":6847},[597,526],[329,6849],{"className":6850,"style":976},[503],[329,6852,3480],{"className":6853},[3528],[329,6855],{"className":6856,"style":976},[503],[329,6858,6860,6863],{"className":6859},[437],[329,6861,3488],{"className":6862,"style":3655},[437,441],[329,6864,6866],{"className":6865},[446],[329,6867,6869,6889],{"className":6868},[450,451],[329,6870,6872,6886],{"className":6871},[455],[329,6873,6875],{"className":6874,"style":460},[459],[329,6876,6877,6880],{"style":3670},[329,6878],{"className":6879,"style":468},[467],[329,6881,6883],{"className":6882},[472,473,474,475],[329,6884,363],{"className":6885},[437,441,475],[329,6887,490],{"className":6888},[489],[329,6890,6892],{"className":6891},[455],[329,6893,6895],{"className":6894,"style":497},[459],[329,6896],{},[329,6898],{"className":6899,"style":504},[503],[329,6901,373],{"className":6902},[508],[329,6904],{"className":6905,"style":504},[503],[329,6907,6909,6912,6952,7054,7057,7060,7063],{"className":6908},[428],[329,6910],{"className":6911,"style":5460},[432],[329,6913,6915,6918],{"className":6914},[437],[329,6916,1715],{"className":6917},[437,441],[329,6919,6921],{"className":6920},[446],[329,6922,6924,6944],{"className":6923},[450,451],[329,6925,6927,6941],{"className":6926},[455],[329,6928,6930],{"className":6929,"style":460},[459],[329,6931,6932,6935],{"style":998},[329,6933],{"className":6934,"style":468},[467],[329,6936,6938],{"className":6937},[472,473,474,475],[329,6939,363],{"className":6940},[437,441,475],[329,6942,490],{"className":6943},[489],[329,6945,6947],{"className":6946},[455],[329,6948,6950],{"className":6949,"style":497},[459],[329,6951],{},[329,6953,6955,6958,7051],{"className":6954},[437],[329,6956],{"className":6957},[525,526],[329,6959,6961],{"className":6960},[380],[329,6962,6964,7043],{"className":6963},[450,451],[329,6965,6967,7040],{"className":6966},[455],[329,6968,6970,7018,7026],{"className":6969,"style":1773},[459],[329,6971,6972,6975],{"style":1776},[329,6973],{"className":6974,"style":546},[467],[329,6976,6978],{"className":6977},[437],[329,6979,6981,6984],{"className":6980},[437],[329,6982,4356],{"className":6983},[437,441],[329,6985,6987],{"className":6986},[446],[329,6988,6990,7010],{"className":6989},[450,451],[329,6991,6993,7007],{"className":6992},[455],[329,6994,6996],{"className":6995,"style":1975},[459],[329,6997,6998,7001],{"style":998},[329,6999],{"className":7000,"style":468},[467],[329,7002,7004],{"className":7003},[472,473,474,475],[329,7005,377],{"className":7006},[437,475],[329,7008,490],{"className":7009},[489],[329,7011,7013],{"className":7012},[455],[329,7014,7016],{"className":7015,"style":497},[459],[329,7017],{},[329,7019,7020,7023],{"style":558},[329,7021],{"className":7022,"style":546},[467],[329,7024],{"className":7025,"style":566},[565],[329,7027,7028,7031],{"style":1830},[329,7029],{"className":7030,"style":546},[467],[329,7032,7034,7037],{"className":7033},[437],[329,7035,405],{"className":7036},[437],[329,7038,4353],{"className":7039,"style":631},[437,441],[329,7041,490],{"className":7042},[489],[329,7044,7046],{"className":7045},[455],[329,7047,7049],{"className":7048,"style":3216},[459],[329,7050],{},[329,7052],{"className":7053},[597,526],[329,7055],{"className":7056,"style":976},[503],[329,7058,3480],{"className":7059},[3528],[329,7061],{"className":7062,"style":976},[503],[329,7064,7066,7069],{"className":7065},[437],[329,7067,3488],{"className":7068,"style":3655},[437,441],[329,7070,7072],{"className":7071},[446],[329,7073,7075,7095],{"className":7074},[450,451],[329,7076,7078,7092],{"className":7077},[455],[329,7079,7081],{"className":7080,"style":460},[459],[329,7082,7083,7086],{"style":3670},[329,7084],{"className":7085,"style":468},[467],[329,7087,7089],{"className":7088},[472,473,474,475],[329,7090,363],{"className":7091},[437,441,475],[329,7093,490],{"className":7094},[489],[329,7096,7098],{"className":7097},[455],[329,7099,7101],{"className":7100,"style":497},[459],[329,7102],{},[218,7104,7105,7106,7183,7184,4329],{},"Introducing ",[329,7107,7109,7131],{"className":7108},[336],[329,7110,7112],{"className":7111},[340],[342,7113,7114],{"xmlns":344},[347,7115,7116,7128],{},[350,7117,7118],{},[353,7119,7120,7122],{},[356,7121,3458],{},[350,7123,7124,7126],{},[356,7125,363],{},[356,7127,1715],{},[416,7129,7130],{"encoding":418},"u_{in}",[329,7132,7134],{"className":7133,"ariaHidden":424},[423],[329,7135,7137,7140],{"className":7136},[428],[329,7138],{"className":7139,"style":4180},[432],[329,7141,7143,7146],{"className":7142},[437],[329,7144,3458],{"className":7145},[437,441],[329,7147,7149],{"className":7148},[446],[329,7150,7152,7175],{"className":7151},[450,451],[329,7153,7155,7172],{"className":7154},[455],[329,7156,7158],{"className":7157,"style":460},[459],[329,7159,7160,7163],{"style":998},[329,7161],{"className":7162,"style":468},[467],[329,7164,7166],{"className":7165},[472,473,474,475],[329,7167,7169],{"className":7168},[437,475],[329,7170,6411],{"className":7171},[437,441,475],[329,7173,490],{"className":7174},[489],[329,7176,7178],{"className":7177},[455],[329,7179,7181],{"className":7180,"style":497},[459],[329,7182],{}," and ",[329,7185,7187,7211],{"className":7186},[336],[329,7188,7190],{"className":7189},[340],[342,7191,7192],{"xmlns":344},[347,7193,7194,7208],{},[350,7195,7196],{},[353,7197,7198,7200],{},[356,7199,1715],{},[350,7201,7202,7204,7206],{},[356,7203,871],{},[356,7205,874],{},[356,7207,874],{},[416,7209,7210],{"encoding":418},"n_{eff}",[329,7212,7214],{"className":7213,"ariaHidden":424},[423],[329,7215,7217,7220],{"className":7216},[428],[329,7218],{"className":7219,"style":1297},[432],[329,7221,7223,7226],{"className":7222},[437],[329,7224,1715],{"className":7225},[437,441],[329,7227,7229],{"className":7228},[446],[329,7230,7232,7261],{"className":7231},[450,451],[329,7233,7235,7258],{"className":7234},[455],[329,7236,7238],{"className":7237,"style":746},[459],[329,7239,7240,7243],{"style":998},[329,7241],{"className":7242,"style":468},[467],[329,7244,7246],{"className":7245},[472,473,474,475],[329,7247,7249,7252,7255],{"className":7248},[437,475],[329,7250,871],{"className":7251},[437,441,475],[329,7253,874],{"className":7254,"style":1065},[437,441,475],[329,7256,874],{"className":7257,"style":1065},[437,441,475],[329,7259,490],{"className":7260},[489],[329,7262,7264],{"className":7263},[455],[329,7265,7267],{"className":7266,"style":1078},[459],[329,7268],{},[329,7270,7272],{"className":7271},[332],[329,7273,7275,7343],{"className":7274},[336],[329,7276,7278],{"className":7277},[340],[342,7279,7280],{"xmlns":344,"display":345},[347,7281,7282,7340],{},[350,7283,7284,7294,7296,7298,7300,7306,7308,7310,7322,7324,7330,7332,7334],{},[353,7285,7286,7288],{},[356,7287,3458],{},[350,7289,7290,7292],{},[356,7291,363],{},[356,7293,1715],{},[371,7295,373],{},[356,7297,3480],{},[371,7299,3483],{},[353,7301,7302,7304],{},[356,7303,3488],{},[356,7305,871],{},[371,7307,3470],{"separator":424},[503,7309],{"width":3473},[353,7311,7312,7314],{},[356,7313,1715],{},[350,7315,7316,7318,7320],{},[356,7317,871],{},[356,7319,874],{},[356,7321,874],{},[371,7323,373],{},[353,7325,7326,7328],{},[356,7327,1715],{},[356,7329,363],{},[356,7331,3480],{},[371,7333,3483],{},[353,7335,7336,7338],{},[356,7337,3488],{},[356,7339,363],{},[416,7341,7342],{"encoding":418},"u_{in}=\\sin\\theta_e,\\qquad n_{eff}=n_i\\sin\\theta_i",[329,7344,7346,7404,7523],{"className":7345,"ariaHidden":424},[423],[329,7347,7349,7352,7395,7398,7401],{"className":7348},[428],[329,7350],{"className":7351,"style":4180},[432],[329,7353,7355,7358],{"className":7354},[437],[329,7356,3458],{"className":7357},[437,441],[329,7359,7361],{"className":7360},[446],[329,7362,7364,7387],{"className":7363},[450,451],[329,7365,7367,7384],{"className":7366},[455],[329,7368,7370],{"className":7369,"style":460},[459],[329,7371,7372,7375],{"style":998},[329,7373],{"className":7374,"style":468},[467],[329,7376,7378],{"className":7377},[472,473,474,475],[329,7379,7381],{"className":7380},[437,475],[329,7382,6411],{"className":7383},[437,441,475],[329,7385,490],{"className":7386},[489],[329,7388,7390],{"className":7389},[455],[329,7391,7393],{"className":7392,"style":497},[459],[329,7394],{},[329,7396],{"className":7397,"style":504},[503],[329,7399,373],{"className":7400},[508],[329,7402],{"className":7403,"style":504},[503],[329,7405,7407,7410,7413,7416,7456,7459,7462,7465,7514,7517,7520],{"className":7406},[428],[329,7408],{"className":7409,"style":4717},[432],[329,7411,3480],{"className":7412},[3528],[329,7414],{"className":7415,"style":976},[503],[329,7417,7419,7422],{"className":7418},[437],[329,7420,3488],{"className":7421,"style":3655},[437,441],[329,7423,7425],{"className":7424},[446],[329,7426,7428,7448],{"className":7427},[450,451],[329,7429,7431,7445],{"className":7430},[455],[329,7432,7434],{"className":7433,"style":616},[459],[329,7435,7436,7439],{"style":3670},[329,7437],{"className":7438,"style":468},[467],[329,7440,7442],{"className":7441},[472,473,474,475],[329,7443,871],{"className":7444},[437,441,475],[329,7446,490],{"className":7447},[489],[329,7449,7451],{"className":7450},[455],[329,7452,7454],{"className":7453,"style":497},[459],[329,7455],{},[329,7457,3470],{"className":7458},[3617],[329,7460],{"className":7461,"style":3621},[503],[329,7463],{"className":7464,"style":976},[503],[329,7466,7468,7471],{"className":7467},[437],[329,7469,1715],{"className":7470},[437,441],[329,7472,7474],{"className":7473},[446],[329,7475,7477,7506],{"className":7476},[450,451],[329,7478,7480,7503],{"className":7479},[455],[329,7481,7483],{"className":7482,"style":746},[459],[329,7484,7485,7488],{"style":998},[329,7486],{"className":7487,"style":468},[467],[329,7489,7491],{"className":7490},[472,473,474,475],[329,7492,7494,7497,7500],{"className":7493},[437,475],[329,7495,871],{"className":7496},[437,441,475],[329,7498,874],{"className":7499,"style":1065},[437,441,475],[329,7501,874],{"className":7502,"style":1065},[437,441,475],[329,7504,490],{"className":7505},[489],[329,7507,7509],{"className":7508},[455],[329,7510,7512],{"className":7511,"style":1078},[459],[329,7513],{},[329,7515],{"className":7516,"style":504},[503],[329,7518,373],{"className":7519},[508],[329,7521],{"className":7522,"style":504},[503],[329,7524,7526,7529,7569,7572,7575,7578],{"className":7525},[428],[329,7527],{"className":7528,"style":2233},[432],[329,7530,7532,7535],{"className":7531},[437],[329,7533,1715],{"className":7534},[437,441],[329,7536,7538],{"className":7537},[446],[329,7539,7541,7561],{"className":7540},[450,451],[329,7542,7544,7558],{"className":7543},[455],[329,7545,7547],{"className":7546,"style":460},[459],[329,7548,7549,7552],{"style":998},[329,7550],{"className":7551,"style":468},[467],[329,7553,7555],{"className":7554},[472,473,474,475],[329,7556,363],{"className":7557},[437,441,475],[329,7559,490],{"className":7560},[489],[329,7562,7564],{"className":7563},[455],[329,7565,7567],{"className":7566,"style":497},[459],[329,7568],{},[329,7570],{"className":7571,"style":976},[503],[329,7573,3480],{"className":7574},[3528],[329,7576],{"className":7577,"style":976},[503],[329,7579,7581,7584],{"className":7580},[437],[329,7582,3488],{"className":7583,"style":3655},[437,441],[329,7585,7587],{"className":7586},[446],[329,7588,7590,7610],{"className":7589},[450,451],[329,7591,7593,7607],{"className":7592},[455],[329,7594,7596],{"className":7595,"style":460},[459],[329,7597,7598,7601],{"style":3670},[329,7599],{"className":7600,"style":468},[467],[329,7602,7604],{"className":7603},[472,473,474,475],[329,7605,363],{"className":7606},[437,441,475],[329,7608,490],{"className":7609},[489],[329,7611,7613],{"className":7612},[455],[329,7614,7616],{"className":7615,"style":497},[459],[329,7617],{},[329,7619,7621],{"className":7620},[332],[329,7622,7624,7738],{"className":7623},[336],[329,7625,7627],{"className":7626},[340],[342,7628,7629],{"xmlns":344,"display":345},[347,7630,7631,7735],{},[350,7632,7633,7643,7645,7651,7665,7667,7669,7675,7677,7683,7697,7707,7709,7723],{},[353,7634,7635,7637],{},[356,7636,6023],{},[350,7638,7639,7641],{},[356,7640,363],{},[356,7642,1715],{},[371,7644,373],{},[353,7646,7647,7649],{},[356,7648,1715],{},[356,7650,363],{},[380,7652,7653,7659],{},[350,7654,7655,7657],{},[383,7656,405],{},[356,7658,4353],{},[353,7660,7661,7663],{},[356,7662,4356],{},[383,7664,377],{},[356,7666,3480],{},[371,7668,3483],{},[353,7670,7671,7673],{},[356,7672,3488],{},[356,7674,363],{},[371,7676,373],{},[353,7678,7679,7681],{},[356,7680,1715],{},[356,7682,871],{},[380,7684,7685,7691],{},[350,7686,7687,7689],{},[383,7688,405],{},[356,7690,4353],{},[353,7692,7693,7695],{},[356,7694,4356],{},[383,7696,377],{},[353,7698,7699,7701],{},[356,7700,3458],{},[350,7702,7703,7705],{},[356,7704,363],{},[356,7706,1715],{},[371,7708,373],{},[380,7710,7711,7717],{},[350,7712,7713,7715],{},[383,7714,405],{},[356,7716,4353],{},[353,7718,7719,7721],{},[356,7720,4356],{},[383,7722,377],{},[353,7724,7725,7727],{},[356,7726,1715],{},[350,7728,7729,7731,7733],{},[356,7730,871],{},[356,7732,874],{},[356,7734,874],{},[416,7736,7737],{"encoding":418},"k_{in}=n_i\\frac{2\\pi}{\\lambda_0}\\sin\\theta_i=n_e\\frac{2\\pi}{\\lambda_0}u_{in}=\\frac{2\\pi}{\\lambda_0}n_{eff}",[329,7739,7741,7799,8005,8205],{"className":7740,"ariaHidden":424},[423],[329,7742,7744,7747,7790,7793,7796],{"className":7743},[428],[329,7745],{"className":7746,"style":2233},[432],[329,7748,7750,7753],{"className":7749},[437],[329,7751,6023],{"className":7752,"style":6115},[437,441],[329,7754,7756],{"className":7755},[446],[329,7757,7759,7782],{"className":7758},[450,451],[329,7760,7762,7779],{"className":7761},[455],[329,7763,7765],{"className":7764,"style":460},[459],[329,7766,7767,7770],{"style":6398},[329,7768],{"className":7769,"style":468},[467],[329,7771,7773],{"className":7772},[472,473,474,475],[329,7774,7776],{"className":7775},[437,475],[329,7777,6411],{"className":7778},[437,441,475],[329,7780,490],{"className":7781},[489],[329,7783,7785],{"className":7784},[455],[329,7786,7788],{"className":7787,"style":497},[459],[329,7789],{},[329,7791],{"className":7792,"style":504},[503],[329,7794,373],{"className":7795},[508],[329,7797],{"className":7798,"style":504},[503],[329,7800,7802,7805,7845,7947,7950,7953,7956,7996,7999,8002],{"className":7801},[428],[329,7803],{"className":7804,"style":5460},[432],[329,7806,7808,7811],{"className":7807},[437],[329,7809,1715],{"className":7810},[437,441],[329,7812,7814],{"className":7813},[446],[329,7815,7817,7837],{"className":7816},[450,451],[329,7818,7820,7834],{"className":7819},[455],[329,7821,7823],{"className":7822,"style":460},[459],[329,7824,7825,7828],{"style":998},[329,7826],{"className":7827,"style":468},[467],[329,7829,7831],{"className":7830},[472,473,474,475],[329,7832,363],{"className":7833},[437,441,475],[329,7835,490],{"className":7836},[489],[329,7838,7840],{"className":7839},[455],[329,7841,7843],{"className":7842,"style":497},[459],[329,7844],{},[329,7846,7848,7851,7944],{"className":7847},[437],[329,7849],{"className":7850},[525,526],[329,7852,7854],{"className":7853},[380],[329,7855,7857,7936],{"className":7856},[450,451],[329,7858,7860,7933],{"className":7859},[455],[329,7861,7863,7911,7919],{"className":7862,"style":1773},[459],[329,7864,7865,7868],{"style":1776},[329,7866],{"className":7867,"style":546},[467],[329,7869,7871],{"className":7870},[437],[329,7872,7874,7877],{"className":7873},[437],[329,7875,4356],{"className":7876},[437,441],[329,7878,7880],{"className":7879},[446],[329,7881,7883,7903],{"className":7882},[450,451],[329,7884,7886,7900],{"className":7885},[455],[329,7887,7889],{"className":7888,"style":1975},[459],[329,7890,7891,7894],{"style":998},[329,7892],{"className":7893,"style":468},[467],[329,7895,7897],{"className":7896},[472,473,474,475],[329,7898,377],{"className":7899},[437,475],[329,7901,490],{"className":7902},[489],[329,7904,7906],{"className":7905},[455],[329,7907,7909],{"className":7908,"style":497},[459],[329,7910],{},[329,7912,7913,7916],{"style":558},[329,7914],{"className":7915,"style":546},[467],[329,7917],{"className":7918,"style":566},[565],[329,7920,7921,7924],{"style":1830},[329,7922],{"className":7923,"style":546},[467],[329,7925,7927,7930],{"className":7926},[437],[329,7928,405],{"className":7929},[437],[329,7931,4353],{"className":7932,"style":631},[437,441],[329,7934,490],{"className":7935},[489],[329,7937,7939],{"className":7938},[455],[329,7940,7942],{"className":7941,"style":3216},[459],[329,7943],{},[329,7945],{"className":7946},[597,526],[329,7948],{"className":7949,"style":976},[503],[329,7951,3480],{"className":7952},[3528],[329,7954],{"className":7955,"style":976},[503],[329,7957,7959,7962],{"className":7958},[437],[329,7960,3488],{"className":7961,"style":3655},[437,441],[329,7963,7965],{"className":7964},[446],[329,7966,7968,7988],{"className":7967},[450,451],[329,7969,7971,7985],{"className":7970},[455],[329,7972,7974],{"className":7973,"style":460},[459],[329,7975,7976,7979],{"style":3670},[329,7977],{"className":7978,"style":468},[467],[329,7980,7982],{"className":7981},[472,473,474,475],[329,7983,363],{"className":7984},[437,441,475],[329,7986,490],{"className":7987},[489],[329,7989,7991],{"className":7990},[455],[329,7992,7994],{"className":7993,"style":497},[459],[329,7995],{},[329,7997],{"className":7998,"style":504},[503],[329,8000,373],{"className":8001},[508],[329,8003],{"className":8004,"style":504},[503],[329,8006,8008,8011,8051,8153,8196,8199,8202],{"className":8007},[428],[329,8009],{"className":8010,"style":5460},[432],[329,8012,8014,8017],{"className":8013},[437],[329,8015,1715],{"className":8016},[437,441],[329,8018,8020],{"className":8019},[446],[329,8021,8023,8043],{"className":8022},[450,451],[329,8024,8026,8040],{"className":8025},[455],[329,8027,8029],{"className":8028,"style":616},[459],[329,8030,8031,8034],{"style":998},[329,8032],{"className":8033,"style":468},[467],[329,8035,8037],{"className":8036},[472,473,474,475],[329,8038,871],{"className":8039},[437,441,475],[329,8041,490],{"className":8042},[489],[329,8044,8046],{"className":8045},[455],[329,8047,8049],{"className":8048,"style":497},[459],[329,8050],{},[329,8052,8054,8057,8150],{"className":8053},[437],[329,8055],{"className":8056},[525,526],[329,8058,8060],{"className":8059},[380],[329,8061,8063,8142],{"className":8062},[450,451],[329,8064,8066,8139],{"className":8065},[455],[329,8067,8069,8117,8125],{"className":8068,"style":1773},[459],[329,8070,8071,8074],{"style":1776},[329,8072],{"className":8073,"style":546},[467],[329,8075,8077],{"className":8076},[437],[329,8078,8080,8083],{"className":8079},[437],[329,8081,4356],{"className":8082},[437,441],[329,8084,8086],{"className":8085},[446],[329,8087,8089,8109],{"className":8088},[450,451],[329,8090,8092,8106],{"className":8091},[455],[329,8093,8095],{"className":8094,"style":1975},[459],[329,8096,8097,8100],{"style":998},[329,8098],{"className":8099,"style":468},[467],[329,8101,8103],{"className":8102},[472,473,474,475],[329,8104,377],{"className":8105},[437,475],[329,8107,490],{"className":8108},[489],[329,8110,8112],{"className":8111},[455],[329,8113,8115],{"className":8114,"style":497},[459],[329,8116],{},[329,8118,8119,8122],{"style":558},[329,8120],{"className":8121,"style":546},[467],[329,8123],{"className":8124,"style":566},[565],[329,8126,8127,8130],{"style":1830},[329,8128],{"className":8129,"style":546},[467],[329,8131,8133,8136],{"className":8132},[437],[329,8134,405],{"className":8135},[437],[329,8137,4353],{"className":8138,"style":631},[437,441],[329,8140,490],{"className":8141},[489],[329,8143,8145],{"className":8144},[455],[329,8146,8148],{"className":8147,"style":3216},[459],[329,8149],{},[329,8151],{"className":8152},[597,526],[329,8154,8156,8159],{"className":8155},[437],[329,8157,3458],{"className":8158},[437,441],[329,8160,8162],{"className":8161},[446],[329,8163,8165,8188],{"className":8164},[450,451],[329,8166,8168,8185],{"className":8167},[455],[329,8169,8171],{"className":8170,"style":460},[459],[329,8172,8173,8176],{"style":998},[329,8174],{"className":8175,"style":468},[467],[329,8177,8179],{"className":8178},[472,473,474,475],[329,8180,8182],{"className":8181},[437,475],[329,8183,6411],{"className":8184},[437,441,475],[329,8186,490],{"className":8187},[489],[329,8189,8191],{"className":8190},[455],[329,8192,8194],{"className":8193,"style":497},[459],[329,8195],{},[329,8197],{"className":8198,"style":504},[503],[329,8200,373],{"className":8201},[508],[329,8203],{"className":8204,"style":504},[503],[329,8206,8208,8211,8313],{"className":8207},[428],[329,8209],{"className":8210,"style":5460},[432],[329,8212,8214,8217,8310],{"className":8213},[437],[329,8215],{"className":8216},[525,526],[329,8218,8220],{"className":8219},[380],[329,8221,8223,8302],{"className":8222},[450,451],[329,8224,8226,8299],{"className":8225},[455],[329,8227,8229,8277,8285],{"className":8228,"style":1773},[459],[329,8230,8231,8234],{"style":1776},[329,8232],{"className":8233,"style":546},[467],[329,8235,8237],{"className":8236},[437],[329,8238,8240,8243],{"className":8239},[437],[329,8241,4356],{"className":8242},[437,441],[329,8244,8246],{"className":8245},[446],[329,8247,8249,8269],{"className":8248},[450,451],[329,8250,8252,8266],{"className":8251},[455],[329,8253,8255],{"className":8254,"style":1975},[459],[329,8256,8257,8260],{"style":998},[329,8258],{"className":8259,"style":468},[467],[329,8261,8263],{"className":8262},[472,473,474,475],[329,8264,377],{"className":8265},[437,475],[329,8267,490],{"className":8268},[489],[329,8270,8272],{"className":8271},[455],[329,8273,8275],{"className":8274,"style":497},[459],[329,8276],{},[329,8278,8279,8282],{"style":558},[329,8280],{"className":8281,"style":546},[467],[329,8283],{"className":8284,"style":566},[565],[329,8286,8287,8290],{"style":1830},[329,8288],{"className":8289,"style":546},[467],[329,8291,8293,8296],{"className":8292},[437],[329,8294,405],{"className":8295},[437],[329,8297,4353],{"className":8298,"style":631},[437,441],[329,8300,490],{"className":8301},[489],[329,8303,8305],{"className":8304},[455],[329,8306,8308],{"className":8307,"style":3216},[459],[329,8309],{},[329,8311],{"className":8312},[597,526],[329,8314,8316,8319],{"className":8315},[437],[329,8317,1715],{"className":8318},[437,441],[329,8320,8322],{"className":8321},[446],[329,8323,8325,8354],{"className":8324},[450,451],[329,8326,8328,8351],{"className":8327},[455],[329,8329,8331],{"className":8330,"style":746},[459],[329,8332,8333,8336],{"style":998},[329,8334],{"className":8335,"style":468},[467],[329,8337,8339],{"className":8338},[472,473,474,475],[329,8340,8342,8345,8348],{"className":8341},[437,475],[329,8343,871],{"className":8344},[437,441,475],[329,8346,874],{"className":8347,"style":1065},[437,441,475],[329,8349,874],{"className":8350,"style":1065},[437,441,475],[329,8352,490],{"className":8353},[489],[329,8355,8357],{"className":8356},[455],[329,8358,8360],{"className":8359,"style":1078},[459],[329,8361],{},[218,8363,8364,8365,7183,8441,8525,8526,8554,8555,8654,8655,8803,8804,8901],{},"The relation of ",[329,8366,8368,8389],{"className":8367},[336],[329,8369,8371],{"className":8370},[340],[342,8372,8373],{"xmlns":344},[347,8374,8375,8387],{},[350,8376,8377],{},[353,8378,8379,8381],{},[356,8380,3458],{},[350,8382,8383,8385],{},[356,8384,363],{},[356,8386,1715],{},[416,8388,7130],{"encoding":418},[329,8390,8392],{"className":8391,"ariaHidden":424},[423],[329,8393,8395,8398],{"className":8394},[428],[329,8396],{"className":8397,"style":4180},[432],[329,8399,8401,8404],{"className":8400},[437],[329,8402,3458],{"className":8403},[437,441],[329,8405,8407],{"className":8406},[446],[329,8408,8410,8433],{"className":8409},[450,451],[329,8411,8413,8430],{"className":8412},[455],[329,8414,8416],{"className":8415,"style":460},[459],[329,8417,8418,8421],{"style":998},[329,8419],{"className":8420,"style":468},[467],[329,8422,8424],{"className":8423},[472,473,474,475],[329,8425,8427],{"className":8426},[437,475],[329,8428,6411],{"className":8429},[437,441,475],[329,8431,490],{"className":8432},[489],[329,8434,8436],{"className":8435},[455],[329,8437,8439],{"className":8438,"style":497},[459],[329,8440],{},[329,8442,8444,8467],{"className":8443},[336],[329,8445,8447],{"className":8446},[340],[342,8448,8449],{"xmlns":344},[347,8450,8451,8465],{},[350,8452,8453],{},[353,8454,8455,8457],{},[356,8456,1715],{},[350,8458,8459,8461,8463],{},[356,8460,871],{},[356,8462,874],{},[356,8464,874],{},[416,8466,7210],{"encoding":418},[329,8468,8470],{"className":8469,"ariaHidden":424},[423],[329,8471,8473,8476],{"className":8472},[428],[329,8474],{"className":8475,"style":1297},[432],[329,8477,8479,8482],{"className":8478},[437],[329,8480,1715],{"className":8481},[437,441],[329,8483,8485],{"className":8484},[446],[329,8486,8488,8517],{"className":8487},[450,451],[329,8489,8491,8514],{"className":8490},[455],[329,8492,8494],{"className":8493,"style":746},[459],[329,8495,8496,8499],{"style":998},[329,8497],{"className":8498,"style":468},[467],[329,8500,8502],{"className":8501},[472,473,474,475],[329,8503,8505,8508,8511],{"className":8504},[437,475],[329,8506,871],{"className":8507},[437,441,475],[329,8509,874],{"className":8510,"style":1065},[437,441,475],[329,8512,874],{"className":8513,"style":1065},[437,441,475],[329,8515,490],{"className":8516},[489],[329,8518,8520],{"className":8519},[455],[329,8521,8523],{"className":8522,"style":1078},[459],[329,8524],{}," to ",[329,8527,8529,8542],{"className":8528},[336],[329,8530,8532],{"className":8531},[340],[342,8533,8534],{"xmlns":344},[347,8535,8536,8540],{},[350,8537,8538],{},[356,8539,3488],{},[416,8541,5923],{"encoding":418},[329,8543,8545],{"className":8544,"ariaHidden":424},[423],[329,8546,8548,8551],{"className":8547},[428],[329,8549],{"className":8550,"style":1937},[432],[329,8552,3488],{"className":8553,"style":3655},[437,441]," is wavelength-independent, so they divide modes intuitively; at ",[329,8556,8558,8584],{"className":8557},[336],[329,8559,8561],{"className":8560},[340],[342,8562,8563],{"xmlns":344},[347,8564,8565,8581],{},[350,8566,8567,8577,8579],{},[353,8568,8569,8571],{},[356,8570,3458],{},[350,8572,8573,8575],{},[356,8574,363],{},[356,8576,1715],{},[371,8578,373],{},[383,8580,385],{},[416,8582,8583],{"encoding":418},"u_{in}=1",[329,8585,8587,8645],{"className":8586,"ariaHidden":424},[423],[329,8588,8590,8593,8636,8639,8642],{"className":8589},[428],[329,8591],{"className":8592,"style":4180},[432],[329,8594,8596,8599],{"className":8595},[437],[329,8597,3458],{"className":8598},[437,441],[329,8600,8602],{"className":8601},[446],[329,8603,8605,8628],{"className":8604},[450,451],[329,8606,8608,8625],{"className":8607},[455],[329,8609,8611],{"className":8610,"style":460},[459],[329,8612,8613,8616],{"style":998},[329,8614],{"className":8615,"style":468},[467],[329,8617,8619],{"className":8618},[472,473,474,475],[329,8620,8622],{"className":8621},[437,475],[329,8623,6411],{"className":8624},[437,441,475],[329,8626,490],{"className":8627},[489],[329,8629,8631],{"className":8630},[455],[329,8632,8634],{"className":8633,"style":497},[459],[329,8635],{},[329,8637],{"className":8638,"style":504},[503],[329,8640,373],{"className":8641},[508],[329,8643],{"className":8644,"style":504},[503],[329,8646,8648,8651],{"className":8647},[428],[329,8649],{"className":8650,"style":2464},[432],[329,8652,385],{"className":8653},[437]," (or ",[329,8656,8658,8690],{"className":8657},[336],[329,8659,8661],{"className":8660},[340],[342,8662,8663],{"xmlns":344},[347,8664,8665,8687],{},[350,8666,8667,8679,8681],{},[353,8668,8669,8671],{},[356,8670,1715],{},[350,8672,8673,8675,8677],{},[356,8674,871],{},[356,8676,874],{},[356,8678,874],{},[371,8680,373],{},[353,8682,8683,8685],{},[356,8684,1715],{},[356,8686,871],{},[416,8688,8689],{"encoding":418},"n_{eff}=n_e",[329,8691,8693,8757],{"className":8692,"ariaHidden":424},[423],[329,8694,8696,8699,8748,8751,8754],{"className":8695},[428],[329,8697],{"className":8698,"style":1297},[432],[329,8700,8702,8705],{"className":8701},[437],[329,8703,1715],{"className":8704},[437,441],[329,8706,8708],{"className":8707},[446],[329,8709,8711,8740],{"className":8710},[450,451],[329,8712,8714,8737],{"className":8713},[455],[329,8715,8717],{"className":8716,"style":746},[459],[329,8718,8719,8722],{"style":998},[329,8720],{"className":8721,"style":468},[467],[329,8723,8725],{"className":8724},[472,473,474,475],[329,8726,8728,8731,8734],{"className":8727},[437,475],[329,8729,871],{"className":8730},[437,441,475],[329,8732,874],{"className":8733,"style":1065},[437,441,475],[329,8735,874],{"className":8736,"style":1065},[437,441,475],[329,8738,490],{"className":8739},[489],[329,8741,8743],{"className":8742},[455],[329,8744,8746],{"className":8745,"style":1078},[459],[329,8747],{},[329,8749],{"className":8750,"style":504},[503],[329,8752,373],{"className":8753},[508],[329,8755],{"className":8756,"style":504},[503],[329,8758,8760,8763],{"className":8759},[428],[329,8761],{"className":8762,"style":4180},[432],[329,8764,8766,8769],{"className":8765},[437],[329,8767,1715],{"className":8768},[437,441],[329,8770,8772],{"className":8771},[446],[329,8773,8775,8795],{"className":8774},[450,451],[329,8776,8778,8792],{"className":8777},[455],[329,8779,8781],{"className":8780,"style":616},[459],[329,8782,8783,8786],{"style":998},[329,8784],{"className":8785,"style":468},[467],[329,8787,8789],{"className":8788},[472,473,474,475],[329,8790,871],{"className":8791},[437,441,475],[329,8793,490],{"className":8794},[489],[329,8796,8798],{"className":8797},[455],[329,8799,8801],{"className":8800,"style":497},[459],[329,8802],{},"), ",[329,8805,8807,8833],{"className":8806},[336],[329,8808,8810],{"className":8809},[340],[342,8811,8812],{"xmlns":344},[347,8813,8814,8830],{},[350,8815,8816,8822,8824,8827],{},[353,8817,8818,8820],{},[356,8819,3488],{},[356,8821,871],{},[371,8823,373],{},[383,8825,8826],{},"90",[356,8828,8829],{"mathvariant":1225},"°",[416,8831,8832],{"encoding":418},"\\theta_e=90°",[329,8834,8836,8891],{"className":8835,"ariaHidden":424},[423],[329,8837,8839,8842,8882,8885,8888],{"className":8838},[428],[329,8840],{"className":8841,"style":2233},[432],[329,8843,8845,8848],{"className":8844},[437],[329,8846,3488],{"className":8847,"style":3655},[437,441],[329,8849,8851],{"className":8850},[446],[329,8852,8854,8874],{"className":8853},[450,451],[329,8855,8857,8871],{"className":8856},[455],[329,8858,8860],{"className":8859,"style":616},[459],[329,8861,8862,8865],{"style":3670},[329,8863],{"className":8864,"style":468},[467],[329,8866,8868],{"className":8867},[472,473,474,475],[329,8869,871],{"className":8870},[437,441,475],[329,8872,490],{"className":8873},[489],[329,8875,8877],{"className":8876},[455],[329,8878,8880],{"className":8879,"style":497},[459],[329,8881],{},[329,8883],{"className":8884,"style":504},[503],[329,8886,373],{"className":8887},[508],[329,8889],{"className":8890,"style":504},[503],[329,8892,8894,8897],{"className":8893},[428],[329,8895],{"className":8896,"style":1937},[432],[329,8898,8900],{"className":8899},[437],"90°",", i.e. light propagates parallel to the interface inside the EML. When",[329,8903,8905],{"className":8904},[332],[329,8906,8908,8996],{"className":8907},[336],[329,8909,8911],{"className":8910},[340],[342,8912,8913],{"xmlns":344,"display":345},[347,8914,8915,8993],{},[350,8916,8917,8927,8930,8936,8950,8953,8955,8965,8967,8969,8971,8973,8985,8987],{},[353,8918,8919,8921],{},[356,8920,6023],{},[350,8922,8923,8925],{},[356,8924,363],{},[356,8926,1715],{},[371,8928,8929],{},">",[353,8931,8932,8934],{},[356,8933,1715],{},[356,8935,871],{},[380,8937,8938,8944],{},[350,8939,8940,8942],{},[383,8941,405],{},[356,8943,4353],{},[353,8945,8946,8948],{},[356,8947,4356],{},[383,8949,377],{},[371,8951,8952],{"separator":424},";",[503,8954],{"width":5428},[353,8956,8957,8959],{},[356,8958,3458],{},[350,8960,8961,8963],{},[356,8962,363],{},[356,8964,1715],{},[371,8966,8929],{},[383,8968,385],{},[371,8970,8952],{"separator":424},[503,8972],{"width":5428},[353,8974,8975,8977],{},[356,8976,1715],{},[350,8978,8979,8981,8983],{},[356,8980,871],{},[356,8982,874],{},[356,8984,874],{},[371,8986,8929],{},[353,8988,8989,8991],{},[356,8990,1715],{},[356,8992,871],{},[416,8994,8995],{"encoding":418},"k_{in}>n_e\\frac{2\\pi}{\\lambda_0};\\quad u_{in}>1;\\quad n_{eff}>n_e",[329,8997,8999,9057,9266,9343],{"className":8998,"ariaHidden":424},[423],[329,9000,9002,9005,9048,9051,9054],{"className":9001},[428],[329,9003],{"className":9004,"style":2233},[432],[329,9006,9008,9011],{"className":9007},[437],[329,9009,6023],{"className":9010,"style":6115},[437,441],[329,9012,9014],{"className":9013},[446],[329,9015,9017,9040],{"className":9016},[450,451],[329,9018,9020,9037],{"className":9019},[455],[329,9021,9023],{"className":9022,"style":460},[459],[329,9024,9025,9028],{"style":6398},[329,9026],{"className":9027,"style":468},[467],[329,9029,9031],{"className":9030},[472,473,474,475],[329,9032,9034],{"className":9033},[437,475],[329,9035,6411],{"className":9036},[437,441,475],[329,9038,490],{"className":9039},[489],[329,9041,9043],{"className":9042},[455],[329,9044,9046],{"className":9045,"style":497},[459],[329,9047],{},[329,9049],{"className":9050,"style":504},[503],[329,9052,8929],{"className":9053},[508],[329,9055],{"className":9056,"style":504},[503],[329,9058,9060,9063,9103,9205,9208,9211,9214,9257,9260,9263],{"className":9059},[428],[329,9061],{"className":9062,"style":5460},[432],[329,9064,9066,9069],{"className":9065},[437],[329,9067,1715],{"className":9068},[437,441],[329,9070,9072],{"className":9071},[446],[329,9073,9075,9095],{"className":9074},[450,451],[329,9076,9078,9092],{"className":9077},[455],[329,9079,9081],{"className":9080,"style":616},[459],[329,9082,9083,9086],{"style":998},[329,9084],{"className":9085,"style":468},[467],[329,9087,9089],{"className":9088},[472,473,474,475],[329,9090,871],{"className":9091},[437,441,475],[329,9093,490],{"className":9094},[489],[329,9096,9098],{"className":9097},[455],[329,9099,9101],{"className":9100,"style":497},[459],[329,9102],{},[329,9104,9106,9109,9202],{"className":9105},[437],[329,9107],{"className":9108},[525,526],[329,9110,9112],{"className":9111},[380],[329,9113,9115,9194],{"className":9114},[450,451],[329,9116,9118,9191],{"className":9117},[455],[329,9119,9121,9169,9177],{"className":9120,"style":1773},[459],[329,9122,9123,9126],{"style":1776},[329,9124],{"className":9125,"style":546},[467],[329,9127,9129],{"className":9128},[437],[329,9130,9132,9135],{"className":9131},[437],[329,9133,4356],{"className":9134},[437,441],[329,9136,9138],{"className":9137},[446],[329,9139,9141,9161],{"className":9140},[450,451],[329,9142,9144,9158],{"className":9143},[455],[329,9145,9147],{"className":9146,"style":1975},[459],[329,9148,9149,9152],{"style":998},[329,9150],{"className":9151,"style":468},[467],[329,9153,9155],{"className":9154},[472,473,474,475],[329,9156,377],{"className":9157},[437,475],[329,9159,490],{"className":9160},[489],[329,9162,9164],{"className":9163},[455],[329,9165,9167],{"className":9166,"style":497},[459],[329,9168],{},[329,9170,9171,9174],{"style":558},[329,9172],{"className":9173,"style":546},[467],[329,9175],{"className":9176,"style":566},[565],[329,9178,9179,9182],{"style":1830},[329,9180],{"className":9181,"style":546},[467],[329,9183,9185,9188],{"className":9184},[437],[329,9186,405],{"className":9187},[437],[329,9189,4353],{"className":9190,"style":631},[437,441],[329,9192,490],{"className":9193},[489],[329,9195,9197],{"className":9196},[455],[329,9198,9200],{"className":9199,"style":3216},[459],[329,9201],{},[329,9203],{"className":9204},[597,526],[329,9206,8952],{"className":9207},[3617],[329,9209],{"className":9210,"style":5791},[503],[329,9212],{"className":9213,"style":976},[503],[329,9215,9217,9220],{"className":9216},[437],[329,9218,3458],{"className":9219},[437,441],[329,9221,9223],{"className":9222},[446],[329,9224,9226,9249],{"className":9225},[450,451],[329,9227,9229,9246],{"className":9228},[455],[329,9230,9232],{"className":9231,"style":460},[459],[329,9233,9234,9237],{"style":998},[329,9235],{"className":9236,"style":468},[467],[329,9238,9240],{"className":9239},[472,473,474,475],[329,9241,9243],{"className":9242},[437,475],[329,9244,6411],{"className":9245},[437,441,475],[329,9247,490],{"className":9248},[489],[329,9250,9252],{"className":9251},[455],[329,9253,9255],{"className":9254,"style":497},[459],[329,9256],{},[329,9258],{"className":9259,"style":504},[503],[329,9261,8929],{"className":9262},[508],[329,9264],{"className":9265,"style":504},[503],[329,9267,9269,9273,9276,9279,9282,9285,9334,9337,9340],{"className":9268},[428],[329,9270],{"className":9271,"style":9272},[432],"height:0.9305em;vertical-align:-0.2861em;",[329,9274,385],{"className":9275},[437],[329,9277,8952],{"className":9278},[3617],[329,9280],{"className":9281,"style":5791},[503],[329,9283],{"className":9284,"style":976},[503],[329,9286,9288,9291],{"className":9287},[437],[329,9289,1715],{"className":9290},[437,441],[329,9292,9294],{"className":9293},[446],[329,9295,9297,9326],{"className":9296},[450,451],[329,9298,9300,9323],{"className":9299},[455],[329,9301,9303],{"className":9302,"style":746},[459],[329,9304,9305,9308],{"style":998},[329,9306],{"className":9307,"style":468},[467],[329,9309,9311],{"className":9310},[472,473,474,475],[329,9312,9314,9317,9320],{"className":9313},[437,475],[329,9315,871],{"className":9316},[437,441,475],[329,9318,874],{"className":9319,"style":1065},[437,441,475],[329,9321,874],{"className":9322,"style":1065},[437,441,475],[329,9324,490],{"className":9325},[489],[329,9327,9329],{"className":9328},[455],[329,9330,9332],{"className":9331,"style":1078},[459],[329,9333],{},[329,9335],{"className":9336,"style":504},[503],[329,9338,8929],{"className":9339},[508],[329,9341],{"className":9342,"style":504},[503],[329,9344,9346,9349],{"className":9345},[428],[329,9347],{"className":9348,"style":4180},[432],[329,9350,9352,9355],{"className":9351},[437],[329,9353,1715],{"className":9354},[437,441],[329,9356,9358],{"className":9357},[446],[329,9359,9361,9381],{"className":9360},[450,451],[329,9362,9364,9378],{"className":9363},[455],[329,9365,9367],{"className":9366,"style":616},[459],[329,9368,9369,9372],{"style":998},[329,9370],{"className":9371,"style":468},[467],[329,9373,9375],{"className":9374},[472,473,474,475],[329,9376,871],{"className":9377},[437,441,475],[329,9379,490],{"className":9380},[489],[329,9382,9384],{"className":9383},[455],[329,9385,9387],{"className":9386,"style":497},[459],[329,9388],{},[218,9390,9391,9392,7183,9494,9564],{},"then ",[329,9393,9395,9421],{"className":9394},[336],[329,9396,9398],{"className":9397},[340],[342,9399,9400],{"xmlns":344},[347,9401,9402,9418],{},[350,9403,9404,9406,9408,9414,9416],{},[356,9405,3480],{},[371,9407,3483],{},[353,9409,9410,9412],{},[356,9411,3488],{},[356,9413,871],{},[371,9415,8929],{},[383,9417,385],{},[416,9419,9420],{"encoding":418},"\\sin\\theta_e>1",[329,9422,9424,9485],{"className":9423,"ariaHidden":424},[423],[329,9425,9427,9430,9433,9436,9476,9479,9482],{"className":9426},[428],[329,9428],{"className":9429,"style":2233},[432],[329,9431,3480],{"className":9432},[3528],[329,9434],{"className":9435,"style":976},[503],[329,9437,9439,9442],{"className":9438},[437],[329,9440,3488],{"className":9441,"style":3655},[437,441],[329,9443,9445],{"className":9444},[446],[329,9446,9448,9468],{"className":9447},[450,451],[329,9449,9451,9465],{"className":9450},[455],[329,9452,9454],{"className":9453,"style":616},[459],[329,9455,9456,9459],{"style":3670},[329,9457],{"className":9458,"style":468},[467],[329,9460,9462],{"className":9461},[472,473,474,475],[329,9463,871],{"className":9464},[437,441,475],[329,9466,490],{"className":9467},[489],[329,9469,9471],{"className":9470},[455],[329,9472,9474],{"className":9473,"style":497},[459],[329,9475],{},[329,9477],{"className":9478,"style":504},[503],[329,9480,8929],{"className":9481},[508],[329,9483],{"className":9484,"style":504},[503],[329,9486,9488,9491],{"className":9487},[428],[329,9489],{"className":9490,"style":2464},[432],[329,9492,385],{"className":9493},[437],[329,9495,9497,9515],{"className":9496},[336],[329,9498,9500],{"className":9499},[340],[342,9501,9502],{"xmlns":344},[347,9503,9504,9512],{},[350,9505,9506],{},[353,9507,9508,9510],{},[356,9509,3488],{},[356,9511,871],{},[416,9513,9514],{"encoding":418},"\\theta_e",[329,9516,9518],{"className":9517,"ariaHidden":424},[423],[329,9519,9521,9524],{"className":9520},[428],[329,9522],{"className":9523,"style":2233},[432],[329,9525,9527,9530],{"className":9526},[437],[329,9528,3488],{"className":9529,"style":3655},[437,441],[329,9531,9533],{"className":9532},[446],[329,9534,9536,9556],{"className":9535},[450,451],[329,9537,9539,9553],{"className":9538},[455],[329,9540,9542],{"className":9541,"style":616},[459],[329,9543,9544,9547],{"style":3670},[329,9545],{"className":9546,"style":468},[467],[329,9548,9550],{"className":9549},[472,473,474,475],[329,9551,871],{"className":9552},[437,441,475],[329,9554,490],{"className":9555},[489],[329,9557,9559],{"className":9558},[455],[329,9560,9562],{"className":9561,"style":497},[459],[329,9563],{}," becomes complex, corresponding to an evanescent wave, the condition for exciting SPPs.",[218,9566,9567,9568,9645,9646,3782],{},"Under microcavity/waveguide effects, the emitted energy is distributed over ",[329,9569,9571,9593],{"className":9570},[336],[329,9572,9574],{"className":9573},[340],[342,9575,9576],{"xmlns":344},[347,9577,9578,9590],{},[350,9579,9580],{},[353,9581,9582,9584],{},[356,9583,6023],{},[350,9585,9586,9588],{},[356,9587,363],{},[356,9589,1715],{},[416,9591,9592],{"encoding":418},"k_{in}",[329,9594,9596],{"className":9595,"ariaHidden":424},[423],[329,9597,9599,9602],{"className":9598},[428],[329,9600],{"className":9601,"style":2233},[432],[329,9603,9605,9608],{"className":9604},[437],[329,9606,6023],{"className":9607,"style":6115},[437,441],[329,9609,9611],{"className":9610},[446],[329,9612,9614,9637],{"className":9613},[450,451],[329,9615,9617,9634],{"className":9616},[455],[329,9618,9620],{"className":9619,"style":460},[459],[329,9621,9622,9625],{"style":6398},[329,9623],{"className":9624,"style":468},[467],[329,9626,9628],{"className":9627},[472,473,474,475],[329,9629,9631],{"className":9630},[437,475],[329,9632,6411],{"className":9633},[437,441,475],[329,9635,490],{"className":9636},[489],[329,9638,9640],{"className":9639},[455],[329,9641,9643],{"className":9642,"style":497},[459],[329,9644],{}," (different power in different directions), unlike isotropic vacuum radiation; constructive interference appears as sharp features (such as waveguide peaks), and SPP excitation appears as a distinct feature at high ",[329,9647,9649,9670],{"className":9648},[336],[329,9650,9652],{"className":9651},[340],[342,9653,9654],{"xmlns":344},[347,9655,9656,9668],{},[350,9657,9658],{},[353,9659,9660,9662],{},[356,9661,6023],{},[350,9663,9664,9666],{},[356,9665,363],{},[356,9667,1715],{},[416,9669,9592],{"encoding":418},[329,9671,9673],{"className":9672,"ariaHidden":424},[423],[329,9674,9676,9679],{"className":9675},[428],[329,9677],{"className":9678,"style":2233},[432],[329,9680,9682,9685],{"className":9681},[437],[329,9683,6023],{"className":9684,"style":6115},[437,441],[329,9686,9688],{"className":9687},[446],[329,9689,9691,9714],{"className":9690},[450,451],[329,9692,9694,9711],{"className":9693},[455],[329,9695,9697],{"className":9696,"style":460},[459],[329,9698,9699,9702],{"style":6398},[329,9700],{"className":9701,"style":468},[467],[329,9703,9705],{"className":9704},[472,473,474,475],[329,9706,9708],{"className":9707},[437,475],[329,9709,6411],{"className":9710},[437,441,475],[329,9712,490],{"className":9713},[489],[329,9715,9717],{"className":9716},[455],[329,9718,9720],{"className":9719,"style":497},[459],[329,9721],{},[222,9723,9725],{"id":9724},"optical-modes","Optical Modes",[218,9727,9728,9729,9799,9800,9870,9871,9941,9942,10012],{},"Emitted energy is binned into optical modes by in-plane-wave-vector interval. In the table below, ",[329,9730,9732,9750],{"className":9731},[336],[329,9733,9735],{"className":9734},[340],[342,9736,9737],{"xmlns":344},[347,9738,9739,9747],{},[350,9740,9741],{},[353,9742,9743,9745],{},[356,9744,1715],{},[356,9746,4253],{},[416,9748,9749],{"encoding":418},"n_t",[329,9751,9753],{"className":9752,"ariaHidden":424},[423],[329,9754,9756,9759],{"className":9755},[428],[329,9757],{"className":9758,"style":4180},[432],[329,9760,9762,9765],{"className":9761},[437],[329,9763,1715],{"className":9764},[437,441],[329,9766,9768],{"className":9767},[446],[329,9769,9771,9791],{"className":9770},[450,451],[329,9772,9774,9788],{"className":9773},[455],[329,9775,9777],{"className":9776,"style":4736},[459],[329,9778,9779,9782],{"style":998},[329,9780],{"className":9781,"style":468},[467],[329,9783,9785],{"className":9784},[472,473,474,475],[329,9786,4253],{"className":9787},[437,441,475],[329,9789,490],{"className":9790},[489],[329,9792,9794],{"className":9793},[455],[329,9795,9797],{"className":9796,"style":497},[459],[329,9798],{}," is the top-layer index, ",[329,9801,9803,9821],{"className":9802},[336],[329,9804,9806],{"className":9805},[340],[342,9807,9808],{"xmlns":344},[347,9809,9810,9818],{},[350,9811,9812],{},[353,9813,9814,9816],{},[356,9815,1715],{},[356,9817,1882],{},[416,9819,9820],{"encoding":418},"n_b",[329,9822,9824],{"className":9823,"ariaHidden":424},[423],[329,9825,9827,9830],{"className":9826},[428],[329,9828],{"className":9829,"style":4180},[432],[329,9831,9833,9836],{"className":9832},[437],[329,9834,1715],{"className":9835},[437,441],[329,9837,9839],{"className":9838},[446],[329,9840,9842,9862],{"className":9841},[450,451],[329,9843,9845,9859],{"className":9844},[455],[329,9846,9848],{"className":9847,"style":746},[459],[329,9849,9850,9853],{"style":998},[329,9851],{"className":9852,"style":468},[467],[329,9854,9856],{"className":9855},[472,473,474,475],[329,9857,1882],{"className":9858},[437,441,475],[329,9860,490],{"className":9861},[489],[329,9863,9865],{"className":9864},[455],[329,9866,9868],{"className":9867,"style":497},[459],[329,9869],{}," the bottom-layer index, ",[329,9872,9874,9892],{"className":9873},[336],[329,9875,9877],{"className":9876},[340],[342,9878,9879],{"xmlns":344},[347,9880,9881,9889],{},[350,9882,9883],{},[353,9884,9885,9887],{},[356,9886,1715],{},[356,9888,366],{},[416,9890,9891],{"encoding":418},"n_s",[329,9893,9895],{"className":9894,"ariaHidden":424},[423],[329,9896,9898,9901],{"className":9897},[428],[329,9899],{"className":9900,"style":4180},[432],[329,9902,9904,9907],{"className":9903},[437],[329,9905,1715],{"className":9906},[437,441],[329,9908,9910],{"className":9909},[446],[329,9911,9913,9933],{"className":9912},[450,451],[329,9914,9916,9930],{"className":9915},[455],[329,9917,9919],{"className":9918,"style":616},[459],[329,9920,9921,9924],{"style":998},[329,9922],{"className":9923,"style":468},[467],[329,9925,9927],{"className":9926},[472,473,474,475],[329,9928,366],{"className":9929},[437,441,475],[329,9931,490],{"className":9932},[489],[329,9934,9936],{"className":9935},[455],[329,9937,9939],{"className":9938,"style":497},[459],[329,9940],{}," the substrate index, and ",[329,9943,9945,9963],{"className":9944},[336],[329,9946,9948],{"className":9947},[340],[342,9949,9950],{"xmlns":344},[347,9951,9952,9960],{},[350,9953,9954],{},[353,9955,9956,9958],{},[356,9957,1715],{},[356,9959,871],{},[416,9961,9962],{"encoding":418},"n_e",[329,9964,9966],{"className":9965,"ariaHidden":424},[423],[329,9967,9969,9972],{"className":9968},[428],[329,9970],{"className":9971,"style":4180},[432],[329,9973,9975,9978],{"className":9974},[437],[329,9976,1715],{"className":9977},[437,441],[329,9979,9981],{"className":9980},[446],[329,9982,9984,10004],{"className":9983},[450,451],[329,9985,9987,10001],{"className":9986},[455],[329,9988,9990],{"className":9989,"style":616},[459],[329,9991,9992,9995],{"style":998},[329,9993],{"className":9994,"style":468},[467],[329,9996,9998],{"className":9997},[472,473,474,475],[329,9999,871],{"className":10000},[437,441,475],[329,10002,490],{"className":10003},[489],[329,10005,10007],{"className":10006},[455],[329,10008,10010],{"className":10009,"style":497},[459],[329,10011],{}," the EML index:",[230,10014,10015,10107],{},[233,10016,10017],{},[236,10018,10019,10022,10025,10104],{},[239,10020,10021],{},"Mode (in app)",[239,10023,10024],{},"Scientific name",[239,10026,10027,10103],{},[329,10028,10030,10051],{"className":10029},[336],[329,10031,10033],{"className":10032},[340],[342,10034,10035],{"xmlns":344},[347,10036,10037,10049],{},[350,10038,10039],{},[353,10040,10041,10043],{},[356,10042,6023],{},[350,10044,10045,10047],{},[356,10046,363],{},[356,10048,1715],{},[416,10050,9592],{"encoding":418},[329,10052,10054],{"className":10053,"ariaHidden":424},[423],[329,10055,10057,10060],{"className":10056},[428],[329,10058],{"className":10059,"style":2233},[432],[329,10061,10063,10066],{"className":10062},[437],[329,10064,6023],{"className":10065,"style":6115},[437,441],[329,10067,10069],{"className":10068},[446],[329,10070,10072,10095],{"className":10071},[450,451],[329,10073,10075,10092],{"className":10074},[455],[329,10076,10078],{"className":10077,"style":460},[459],[329,10079,10080,10083],{"style":6398},[329,10081],{"className":10082,"style":468},[467],[329,10084,10086],{"className":10085},[472,473,474,475],[329,10087,10089],{"className":10088},[437,475],[329,10090,6411],{"className":10091},[437,441,475],[329,10093,490],{"className":10094},[489],[329,10096,10098],{"className":10097},[455],[329,10099,10101],{"className":10100,"style":497},[459],[329,10102],{}," interval",[239,10105,10106],{},"Common description (not a definition)",[249,10108,10109,10298,10482,10621,10875,11013,11197,11451,11749,11934],{},[236,10110,10111,10114,10117,10295],{},[254,10112,10113],{},"TOC",[254,10115,10116],{},"—",[254,10118,10119],{},[329,10120,10122,10158],{"className":10121},[336],[329,10123,10125],{"className":10124},[340],[342,10126,10127],{"xmlns":344},[347,10128,10129,10155],{},[350,10130,10131,10134,10136,10138,10140,10146,10152],{},[371,10132,10133],{"stretchy":378},"[",[383,10135,377],{},[371,10137,3470],{"separator":424},[844,10139,3697],{},[353,10141,10142,10144],{},[356,10143,1715],{},[356,10145,4253],{},[380,10147,10148,10150],{},[356,10149,6630],{},[356,10151,6633],{},[371,10153,10154],{"stretchy":378},"]",[416,10156,10157],{"encoding":418},"[0,\\ n_t\\frac{\\omega}{c}]",[329,10159,10161],{"className":10160,"ariaHidden":424},[423],[329,10162,10164,10168,10171,10174,10177,10180,10183,10223,10292],{"className":10163},[428],[329,10165],{"className":10166,"style":10167},[432],"height:1.095em;vertical-align:-0.345em;",[329,10169,10133],{"className":10170},[525],[329,10172,377],{"className":10173},[437],[329,10175,3470],{"className":10176},[3617],[329,10178,3697],{"className":10179},[503],[329,10181],{"className":10182,"style":976},[503],[329,10184,10186,10189],{"className":10185},[437],[329,10187,1715],{"className":10188},[437,441],[329,10190,10192],{"className":10191},[446],[329,10193,10195,10215],{"className":10194},[450,451],[329,10196,10198,10212],{"className":10197},[455],[329,10199,10201],{"className":10200,"style":4736},[459],[329,10202,10203,10206],{"style":998},[329,10204],{"className":10205,"style":468},[467],[329,10207,10209],{"className":10208},[472,473,474,475],[329,10210,4253],{"className":10211},[437,441,475],[329,10213,490],{"className":10214},[489],[329,10216,10218],{"className":10217},[455],[329,10219,10221],{"className":10220,"style":497},[459],[329,10222],{},[329,10224,10226,10229,10289],{"className":10225},[437],[329,10227],{"className":10228},[525,526],[329,10230,10232],{"className":10231},[380],[329,10233,10235,10281],{"className":10234},[450,451],[329,10236,10238,10278],{"className":10237},[455],[329,10239,10242,10256,10264],{"className":10240,"style":10241},[459],"height:0.6954em;",[329,10243,10244,10247],{"style":542},[329,10245],{"className":10246,"style":546},[467],[329,10248,10250],{"className":10249},[472,473,474,475],[329,10251,10253],{"className":10252},[437,475],[329,10254,6633],{"className":10255},[437,441,475],[329,10257,10258,10261],{"style":558},[329,10259],{"className":10260,"style":546},[467],[329,10262],{"className":10263,"style":566},[565],[329,10265,10266,10269],{"style":569},[329,10267],{"className":10268,"style":546},[467],[329,10270,10272],{"className":10271},[472,473,474,475],[329,10273,10275],{"className":10274},[437,475],[329,10276,6630],{"className":10277,"style":631},[437,441,475],[329,10279,490],{"className":10280},[489],[329,10282,10284],{"className":10283},[455],[329,10285,10287],{"className":10286,"style":591},[459],[329,10288],{},[329,10290],{"className":10291},[597,526],[329,10293,10154],{"className":10294},[597],[254,10296,10297],{},"top-outcoupled",[236,10299,10300,10303,10305,10479],{},[254,10301,10302],{},"BOC",[254,10304,10116],{},[254,10306,10307],{},[329,10308,10310,10344],{"className":10309},[336],[329,10311,10313],{"className":10312},[340],[342,10314,10315],{"xmlns":344},[347,10316,10317,10341],{},[350,10318,10319,10321,10323,10325,10327,10333,10339],{},[371,10320,10133],{"stretchy":378},[383,10322,377],{},[371,10324,3470],{"separator":424},[844,10326,3697],{},[353,10328,10329,10331],{},[356,10330,1715],{},[356,10332,1882],{},[380,10334,10335,10337],{},[356,10336,6630],{},[356,10338,6633],{},[371,10340,10154],{"stretchy":378},[416,10342,10343],{"encoding":418},"[0,\\ n_b\\frac{\\omega}{c}]",[329,10345,10347],{"className":10346,"ariaHidden":424},[423],[329,10348,10350,10353,10356,10359,10362,10365,10368,10408,10476],{"className":10349},[428],[329,10351],{"className":10352,"style":10167},[432],[329,10354,10133],{"className":10355},[525],[329,10357,377],{"className":10358},[437],[329,10360,3470],{"className":10361},[3617],[329,10363,3697],{"className":10364},[503],[329,10366],{"className":10367,"style":976},[503],[329,10369,10371,10374],{"className":10370},[437],[329,10372,1715],{"className":10373},[437,441],[329,10375,10377],{"className":10376},[446],[329,10378,10380,10400],{"className":10379},[450,451],[329,10381,10383,10397],{"className":10382},[455],[329,10384,10386],{"className":10385,"style":746},[459],[329,10387,10388,10391],{"style":998},[329,10389],{"className":10390,"style":468},[467],[329,10392,10394],{"className":10393},[472,473,474,475],[329,10395,1882],{"className":10396},[437,441,475],[329,10398,490],{"className":10399},[489],[329,10401,10403],{"className":10402},[455],[329,10404,10406],{"className":10405,"style":497},[459],[329,10407],{},[329,10409,10411,10414,10473],{"className":10410},[437],[329,10412],{"className":10413},[525,526],[329,10415,10417],{"className":10416},[380],[329,10418,10420,10465],{"className":10419},[450,451],[329,10421,10423,10462],{"className":10422},[455],[329,10424,10426,10440,10448],{"className":10425,"style":10241},[459],[329,10427,10428,10431],{"style":542},[329,10429],{"className":10430,"style":546},[467],[329,10432,10434],{"className":10433},[472,473,474,475],[329,10435,10437],{"className":10436},[437,475],[329,10438,6633],{"className":10439},[437,441,475],[329,10441,10442,10445],{"style":558},[329,10443],{"className":10444,"style":546},[467],[329,10446],{"className":10447,"style":566},[565],[329,10449,10450,10453],{"style":569},[329,10451],{"className":10452,"style":546},[467],[329,10454,10456],{"className":10455},[472,473,474,475],[329,10457,10459],{"className":10458},[437,475],[329,10460,6630],{"className":10461,"style":631},[437,441,475],[329,10463,490],{"className":10464},[489],[329,10466,10468],{"className":10467},[455],[329,10469,10471],{"className":10470,"style":591},[459],[329,10472],{},[329,10474],{"className":10475},[597,526],[329,10477,10154],{"className":10478},[597],[254,10480,10481],{},"bottom-outcoupled",[236,10483,10484,10487,10490,10618],{},[254,10485,10486],{},"TOC (top layer is Air)",[254,10488,10489],{},"Air Mode",[254,10491,10492],{},[329,10493,10495,10523],{"className":10494},[336],[329,10496,10498],{"className":10497},[340],[342,10499,10500],{"xmlns":344},[347,10501,10502,10520],{},[350,10503,10504,10506,10508,10510,10512,10518],{},[371,10505,10133],{"stretchy":378},[383,10507,377],{},[371,10509,3470],{"separator":424},[844,10511,3697],{},[380,10513,10514,10516],{},[356,10515,6630],{},[356,10517,6633],{},[371,10519,10154],{"stretchy":378},[416,10521,10522],{"encoding":418},"[0,\\ \\frac{\\omega}{c}]",[329,10524,10526],{"className":10525,"ariaHidden":424},[423],[329,10527,10529,10532,10535,10538,10541,10544,10547,10615],{"className":10528},[428],[329,10530],{"className":10531,"style":10167},[432],[329,10533,10133],{"className":10534},[525],[329,10536,377],{"className":10537},[437],[329,10539,3470],{"className":10540},[3617],[329,10542,3697],{"className":10543},[503],[329,10545],{"className":10546,"style":976},[503],[329,10548,10550,10553,10612],{"className":10549},[437],[329,10551],{"className":10552},[525,526],[329,10554,10556],{"className":10555},[380],[329,10557,10559,10604],{"className":10558},[450,451],[329,10560,10562,10601],{"className":10561},[455],[329,10563,10565,10579,10587],{"className":10564,"style":10241},[459],[329,10566,10567,10570],{"style":542},[329,10568],{"className":10569,"style":546},[467],[329,10571,10573],{"className":10572},[472,473,474,475],[329,10574,10576],{"className":10575},[437,475],[329,10577,6633],{"className":10578},[437,441,475],[329,10580,10581,10584],{"style":558},[329,10582],{"className":10583,"style":546},[467],[329,10585],{"className":10586,"style":566},[565],[329,10588,10589,10592],{"style":569},[329,10590],{"className":10591,"style":546},[467],[329,10593,10595],{"className":10594},[472,473,474,475],[329,10596,10598],{"className":10597},[437,475],[329,10599,6630],{"className":10600,"style":631},[437,441,475],[329,10602,490],{"className":10603},[489],[329,10605,10607],{"className":10606},[455],[329,10608,10610],{"className":10609,"style":591},[459],[329,10611],{},[329,10613],{"className":10614},[597,526],[329,10616,10154],{"className":10617},[597],[254,10619,10620],{},"light extraction efficiency / outcoupling efficiency",[236,10622,10623,10626,10629,10872],{},[254,10624,10625],{},"SUB (top layer is Air)",[254,10627,10628],{},"Substrate Mode",[254,10630,10631],{},[329,10632,10634,10672],{"className":10633},[336],[329,10635,10637],{"className":10636},[340],[342,10638,10639],{"xmlns":344},[347,10640,10641,10669],{},[350,10642,10643,10645,10651,10653,10655,10661,10667],{},[371,10644,10133],{"stretchy":378},[380,10646,10647,10649],{},[356,10648,6630],{},[356,10650,6633],{},[371,10652,3470],{"separator":424},[844,10654,3697],{},[353,10656,10657,10659],{},[356,10658,1715],{},[356,10660,366],{},[380,10662,10663,10665],{},[356,10664,6630],{},[356,10666,6633],{},[371,10668,10154],{"stretchy":378},[416,10670,10671],{"encoding":418},"[\\frac{\\omega}{c},\\ n_s\\frac{\\omega}{c}]",[329,10673,10675],{"className":10674,"ariaHidden":424},[423],[329,10676,10678,10681,10684,10752,10755,10758,10761,10801,10869],{"className":10677},[428],[329,10679],{"className":10680,"style":10167},[432],[329,10682,10133],{"className":10683},[525],[329,10685,10687,10690,10749],{"className":10686},[437],[329,10688],{"className":10689},[525,526],[329,10691,10693],{"className":10692},[380],[329,10694,10696,10741],{"className":10695},[450,451],[329,10697,10699,10738],{"className":10698},[455],[329,10700,10702,10716,10724],{"className":10701,"style":10241},[459],[329,10703,10704,10707],{"style":542},[329,10705],{"className":10706,"style":546},[467],[329,10708,10710],{"className":10709},[472,473,474,475],[329,10711,10713],{"className":10712},[437,475],[329,10714,6633],{"className":10715},[437,441,475],[329,10717,10718,10721],{"style":558},[329,10719],{"className":10720,"style":546},[467],[329,10722],{"className":10723,"style":566},[565],[329,10725,10726,10729],{"style":569},[329,10727],{"className":10728,"style":546},[467],[329,10730,10732],{"className":10731},[472,473,474,475],[329,10733,10735],{"className":10734},[437,475],[329,10736,6630],{"className":10737,"style":631},[437,441,475],[329,10739,490],{"className":10740},[489],[329,10742,10744],{"className":10743},[455],[329,10745,10747],{"className":10746,"style":591},[459],[329,10748],{},[329,10750],{"className":10751},[597,526],[329,10753,3470],{"className":10754},[3617],[329,10756,3697],{"className":10757},[503],[329,10759],{"className":10760,"style":976},[503],[329,10762,10764,10767],{"className":10763},[437],[329,10765,1715],{"className":10766},[437,441],[329,10768,10770],{"className":10769},[446],[329,10771,10773,10793],{"className":10772},[450,451],[329,10774,10776,10790],{"className":10775},[455],[329,10777,10779],{"className":10778,"style":616},[459],[329,10780,10781,10784],{"style":998},[329,10782],{"className":10783,"style":468},[467],[329,10785,10787],{"className":10786},[472,473,474,475],[329,10788,366],{"className":10789},[437,441,475],[329,10791,490],{"className":10792},[489],[329,10794,10796],{"className":10795},[455],[329,10797,10799],{"className":10798,"style":497},[459],[329,10800],{},[329,10802,10804,10807,10866],{"className":10803},[437],[329,10805],{"className":10806},[525,526],[329,10808,10810],{"className":10809},[380],[329,10811,10813,10858],{"className":10812},[450,451],[329,10814,10816,10855],{"className":10815},[455],[329,10817,10819,10833,10841],{"className":10818,"style":10241},[459],[329,10820,10821,10824],{"style":542},[329,10822],{"className":10823,"style":546},[467],[329,10825,10827],{"className":10826},[472,473,474,475],[329,10828,10830],{"className":10829},[437,475],[329,10831,6633],{"className":10832},[437,441,475],[329,10834,10835,10838],{"style":558},[329,10836],{"className":10837,"style":546},[467],[329,10839],{"className":10840,"style":566},[565],[329,10842,10843,10846],{"style":569},[329,10844],{"className":10845,"style":546},[467],[329,10847,10849],{"className":10848},[472,473,474,475],[329,10850,10852],{"className":10851},[437,475],[329,10853,6630],{"className":10854,"style":631},[437,441,475],[329,10856,490],{"className":10857},[489],[329,10859,10861],{"className":10860},[455],[329,10862,10864],{"className":10863,"style":591},[459],[329,10865],{},[329,10867],{"className":10868},[597,526],[329,10870,10154],{"className":10871},[597],[254,10873,10874],{},"light confined in the substrate by reflection at the substrate-air interface",[236,10876,10877,10880,10883,11010],{},[254,10878,10879],{},"ABS (no incoherent layer)",[254,10881,10882],{},"Absorption Mode",[254,10884,10885],{},[329,10886,10888,10915],{"className":10887},[336],[329,10889,10891],{"className":10890},[340],[342,10892,10893],{"xmlns":344},[347,10894,10895,10913],{},[350,10896,10897,10899,10901,10903,10905,10911],{},[371,10898,10133],{"stretchy":378},[383,10900,377],{},[371,10902,3470],{"separator":424},[844,10904,3697],{},[380,10906,10907,10909],{},[356,10908,6630],{},[356,10910,6633],{},[371,10912,10154],{"stretchy":378},[416,10914,10522],{"encoding":418},[329,10916,10918],{"className":10917,"ariaHidden":424},[423],[329,10919,10921,10924,10927,10930,10933,10936,10939,11007],{"className":10920},[428],[329,10922],{"className":10923,"style":10167},[432],[329,10925,10133],{"className":10926},[525],[329,10928,377],{"className":10929},[437],[329,10931,3470],{"className":10932},[3617],[329,10934,3697],{"className":10935},[503],[329,10937],{"className":10938,"style":976},[503],[329,10940,10942,10945,11004],{"className":10941},[437],[329,10943],{"className":10944},[525,526],[329,10946,10948],{"className":10947},[380],[329,10949,10951,10996],{"className":10950},[450,451],[329,10952,10954,10993],{"className":10953},[455],[329,10955,10957,10971,10979],{"className":10956,"style":10241},[459],[329,10958,10959,10962],{"style":542},[329,10960],{"className":10961,"style":546},[467],[329,10963,10965],{"className":10964},[472,473,474,475],[329,10966,10968],{"className":10967},[437,475],[329,10969,6633],{"className":10970},[437,441,475],[329,10972,10973,10976],{"style":558},[329,10974],{"className":10975,"style":546},[467],[329,10977],{"className":10978,"style":566},[565],[329,10980,10981,10984],{"style":569},[329,10982],{"className":10983,"style":546},[467],[329,10985,10987],{"className":10986},[472,473,474,475],[329,10988,10990],{"className":10989},[437,475],[329,10991,6630],{"className":10992,"style":631},[437,441,475],[329,10994,490],{"className":10995},[489],[329,10997,10999],{"className":10998},[455],[329,11000,11002],{"className":11001,"style":591},[459],[329,11003],{},[329,11005],{"className":11006},[597,526],[329,11008,10154],{"className":11009},[597],[254,11011,11012],{},"absorption loss on the TOC path",[236,11014,11015,11018,11020,11194],{},[254,11016,11017],{},"ABS (with incoherent layer)",[254,11019,10882],{},[254,11021,11022],{},[329,11023,11025,11059],{"className":11024},[336],[329,11026,11028],{"className":11027},[340],[342,11029,11030],{"xmlns":344},[347,11031,11032,11056],{},[350,11033,11034,11036,11038,11040,11042,11048,11054],{},[371,11035,10133],{"stretchy":378},[383,11037,377],{},[371,11039,3470],{"separator":424},[844,11041,3697],{},[353,11043,11044,11046],{},[356,11045,1715],{},[356,11047,366],{},[380,11049,11050,11052],{},[356,11051,6630],{},[356,11053,6633],{},[371,11055,10154],{"stretchy":378},[416,11057,11058],{"encoding":418},"[0,\\ n_s\\frac{\\omega}{c}]",[329,11060,11062],{"className":11061,"ariaHidden":424},[423],[329,11063,11065,11068,11071,11074,11077,11080,11083,11123,11191],{"className":11064},[428],[329,11066],{"className":11067,"style":10167},[432],[329,11069,10133],{"className":11070},[525],[329,11072,377],{"className":11073},[437],[329,11075,3470],{"className":11076},[3617],[329,11078,3697],{"className":11079},[503],[329,11081],{"className":11082,"style":976},[503],[329,11084,11086,11089],{"className":11085},[437],[329,11087,1715],{"className":11088},[437,441],[329,11090,11092],{"className":11091},[446],[329,11093,11095,11115],{"className":11094},[450,451],[329,11096,11098,11112],{"className":11097},[455],[329,11099,11101],{"className":11100,"style":616},[459],[329,11102,11103,11106],{"style":998},[329,11104],{"className":11105,"style":468},[467],[329,11107,11109],{"className":11108},[472,473,474,475],[329,11110,366],{"className":11111},[437,441,475],[329,11113,490],{"className":11114},[489],[329,11116,11118],{"className":11117},[455],[329,11119,11121],{"className":11120,"style":497},[459],[329,11122],{},[329,11124,11126,11129,11188],{"className":11125},[437],[329,11127],{"className":11128},[525,526],[329,11130,11132],{"className":11131},[380],[329,11133,11135,11180],{"className":11134},[450,451],[329,11136,11138,11177],{"className":11137},[455],[329,11139,11141,11155,11163],{"className":11140,"style":10241},[459],[329,11142,11143,11146],{"style":542},[329,11144],{"className":11145,"style":546},[467],[329,11147,11149],{"className":11148},[472,473,474,475],[329,11150,11152],{"className":11151},[437,475],[329,11153,6633],{"className":11154},[437,441,475],[329,11156,11157,11160],{"style":558},[329,11158],{"className":11159,"style":546},[467],[329,11161],{"className":11162,"style":566},[565],[329,11164,11165,11168],{"style":569},[329,11166],{"className":11167,"style":546},[467],[329,11169,11171],{"className":11170},[472,473,474,475],[329,11172,11174],{"className":11173},[437,475],[329,11175,6630],{"className":11176,"style":631},[437,441,475],[329,11178,490],{"className":11179},[489],[329,11181,11183],{"className":11182},[455],[329,11184,11186],{"className":11185,"style":591},[459],[329,11187],{},[329,11189],{"className":11190},[597,526],[329,11192,10154],{"className":11193},[597],[254,11195,11196],{},"absorption loss on the TOC and SUB paths",[236,11198,11199,11202,11205,11448],{},[254,11200,11201],{},"WVG (no incoherent layer)",[254,11203,11204],{},"Waveguide Mode",[254,11206,11207],{},[329,11208,11210,11248],{"className":11209},[336],[329,11211,11213],{"className":11212},[340],[342,11214,11215],{"xmlns":344},[347,11216,11217,11245],{},[350,11218,11219,11221,11227,11229,11231,11237,11243],{},[371,11220,10133],{"stretchy":378},[380,11222,11223,11225],{},[356,11224,6630],{},[356,11226,6633],{},[371,11228,3470],{"separator":424},[844,11230,3697],{},[353,11232,11233,11235],{},[356,11234,1715],{},[356,11236,871],{},[380,11238,11239,11241],{},[356,11240,6630],{},[356,11242,6633],{},[371,11244,10154],{"stretchy":378},[416,11246,11247],{"encoding":418},"[\\frac{\\omega}{c},\\ n_e\\frac{\\omega}{c}]",[329,11249,11251],{"className":11250,"ariaHidden":424},[423],[329,11252,11254,11257,11260,11328,11331,11334,11337,11377,11445],{"className":11253},[428],[329,11255],{"className":11256,"style":10167},[432],[329,11258,10133],{"className":11259},[525],[329,11261,11263,11266,11325],{"className":11262},[437],[329,11264],{"className":11265},[525,526],[329,11267,11269],{"className":11268},[380],[329,11270,11272,11317],{"className":11271},[450,451],[329,11273,11275,11314],{"className":11274},[455],[329,11276,11278,11292,11300],{"className":11277,"style":10241},[459],[329,11279,11280,11283],{"style":542},[329,11281],{"className":11282,"style":546},[467],[329,11284,11286],{"className":11285},[472,473,474,475],[329,11287,11289],{"className":11288},[437,475],[329,11290,6633],{"className":11291},[437,441,475],[329,11293,11294,11297],{"style":558},[329,11295],{"className":11296,"style":546},[467],[329,11298],{"className":11299,"style":566},[565],[329,11301,11302,11305],{"style":569},[329,11303],{"className":11304,"style":546},[467],[329,11306,11308],{"className":11307},[472,473,474,475],[329,11309,11311],{"className":11310},[437,475],[329,11312,6630],{"className":11313,"style":631},[437,441,475],[329,11315,490],{"className":11316},[489],[329,11318,11320],{"className":11319},[455],[329,11321,11323],{"className":11322,"style":591},[459],[329,11324],{},[329,11326],{"className":11327},[597,526],[329,11329,3470],{"className":11330},[3617],[329,11332,3697],{"className":11333},[503],[329,11335],{"className":11336,"style":976},[503],[329,11338,11340,11343],{"className":11339},[437],[329,11341,1715],{"className":11342},[437,441],[329,11344,11346],{"className":11345},[446],[329,11347,11349,11369],{"className":11348},[450,451],[329,11350,11352,11366],{"className":11351},[455],[329,11353,11355],{"className":11354,"style":616},[459],[329,11356,11357,11360],{"style":998},[329,11358],{"className":11359,"style":468},[467],[329,11361,11363],{"className":11362},[472,473,474,475],[329,11364,871],{"className":11365},[437,441,475],[329,11367,490],{"className":11368},[489],[329,11370,11372],{"className":11371},[455],[329,11373,11375],{"className":11374,"style":497},[459],[329,11376],{},[329,11378,11380,11383,11442],{"className":11379},[437],[329,11381],{"className":11382},[525,526],[329,11384,11386],{"className":11385},[380],[329,11387,11389,11434],{"className":11388},[450,451],[329,11390,11392,11431],{"className":11391},[455],[329,11393,11395,11409,11417],{"className":11394,"style":10241},[459],[329,11396,11397,11400],{"style":542},[329,11398],{"className":11399,"style":546},[467],[329,11401,11403],{"className":11402},[472,473,474,475],[329,11404,11406],{"className":11405},[437,475],[329,11407,6633],{"className":11408},[437,441,475],[329,11410,11411,11414],{"style":558},[329,11412],{"className":11413,"style":546},[467],[329,11415],{"className":11416,"style":566},[565],[329,11418,11419,11422],{"style":569},[329,11420],{"className":11421,"style":546},[467],[329,11423,11425],{"className":11424},[472,473,474,475],[329,11426,11428],{"className":11427},[437,475],[329,11429,6630],{"className":11430,"style":631},[437,441,475],[329,11432,490],{"className":11433},[489],[329,11435,11437],{"className":11436},[455],[329,11438,11440],{"className":11439,"style":591},[459],[329,11441],{},[329,11443],{"className":11444},[597,526],[329,11446,10154],{"className":11447},[597],[254,11449,11450],{},"waveguide loss from total internal reflection plus interference",[236,11452,11453,11456,11458,11747],{},[254,11454,11455],{},"WVG (with incoherent layer)",[254,11457,11204],{},[254,11459,11460],{},[329,11461,11463,11507],{"className":11462},[336],[329,11464,11466],{"className":11465},[340],[342,11467,11468],{"xmlns":344},[347,11469,11470,11504],{},[350,11471,11472,11474,11480,11486,11488,11490,11496,11502],{},[371,11473,10133],{"stretchy":378},[353,11475,11476,11478],{},[356,11477,1715],{},[356,11479,366],{},[380,11481,11482,11484],{},[356,11483,6630],{},[356,11485,6633],{},[371,11487,3470],{"separator":424},[844,11489,3697],{},[353,11491,11492,11494],{},[356,11493,1715],{},[356,11495,871],{},[380,11497,11498,11500],{},[356,11499,6630],{},[356,11501,6633],{},[371,11503,10154],{"stretchy":378},[416,11505,11506],{"encoding":418},"[n_s\\frac{\\omega}{c},\\ n_e\\frac{\\omega}{c}]",[329,11508,11510],{"className":11509,"ariaHidden":424},[423],[329,11511,11513,11516,11519,11559,11627,11630,11633,11636,11676,11744],{"className":11512},[428],[329,11514],{"className":11515,"style":10167},[432],[329,11517,10133],{"className":11518},[525],[329,11520,11522,11525],{"className":11521},[437],[329,11523,1715],{"className":11524},[437,441],[329,11526,11528],{"className":11527},[446],[329,11529,11531,11551],{"className":11530},[450,451],[329,11532,11534,11548],{"className":11533},[455],[329,11535,11537],{"className":11536,"style":616},[459],[329,11538,11539,11542],{"style":998},[329,11540],{"className":11541,"style":468},[467],[329,11543,11545],{"className":11544},[472,473,474,475],[329,11546,366],{"className":11547},[437,441,475],[329,11549,490],{"className":11550},[489],[329,11552,11554],{"className":11553},[455],[329,11555,11557],{"className":11556,"style":497},[459],[329,11558],{},[329,11560,11562,11565,11624],{"className":11561},[437],[329,11563],{"className":11564},[525,526],[329,11566,11568],{"className":11567},[380],[329,11569,11571,11616],{"className":11570},[450,451],[329,11572,11574,11613],{"className":11573},[455],[329,11575,11577,11591,11599],{"className":11576,"style":10241},[459],[329,11578,11579,11582],{"style":542},[329,11580],{"className":11581,"style":546},[467],[329,11583,11585],{"className":11584},[472,473,474,475],[329,11586,11588],{"className":11587},[437,475],[329,11589,6633],{"className":11590},[437,441,475],[329,11592,11593,11596],{"style":558},[329,11594],{"className":11595,"style":546},[467],[329,11597],{"className":11598,"style":566},[565],[329,11600,11601,11604],{"style":569},[329,11602],{"className":11603,"style":546},[467],[329,11605,11607],{"className":11606},[472,473,474,475],[329,11608,11610],{"className":11609},[437,475],[329,11611,6630],{"className":11612,"style":631},[437,441,475],[329,11614,490],{"className":11615},[489],[329,11617,11619],{"className":11618},[455],[329,11620,11622],{"className":11621,"style":591},[459],[329,11623],{},[329,11625],{"className":11626},[597,526],[329,11628,3470],{"className":11629},[3617],[329,11631,3697],{"className":11632},[503],[329,11634],{"className":11635,"style":976},[503],[329,11637,11639,11642],{"className":11638},[437],[329,11640,1715],{"className":11641},[437,441],[329,11643,11645],{"className":11644},[446],[329,11646,11648,11668],{"className":11647},[450,451],[329,11649,11651,11665],{"className":11650},[455],[329,11652,11654],{"className":11653,"style":616},[459],[329,11655,11656,11659],{"style":998},[329,11657],{"className":11658,"style":468},[467],[329,11660,11662],{"className":11661},[472,473,474,475],[329,11663,871],{"className":11664},[437,441,475],[329,11666,490],{"className":11667},[489],[329,11669,11671],{"className":11670},[455],[329,11672,11674],{"className":11673,"style":497},[459],[329,11675],{},[329,11677,11679,11682,11741],{"className":11678},[437],[329,11680],{"className":11681},[525,526],[329,11683,11685],{"className":11684},[380],[329,11686,11688,11733],{"className":11687},[450,451],[329,11689,11691,11730],{"className":11690},[455],[329,11692,11694,11708,11716],{"className":11693,"style":10241},[459],[329,11695,11696,11699],{"style":542},[329,11697],{"className":11698,"style":546},[467],[329,11700,11702],{"className":11701},[472,473,474,475],[329,11703,11705],{"className":11704},[437,475],[329,11706,6633],{"className":11707},[437,441,475],[329,11709,11710,11713],{"style":558},[329,11711],{"className":11712,"style":546},[467],[329,11714],{"className":11715,"style":566},[565],[329,11717,11718,11721],{"style":569},[329,11719],{"className":11720,"style":546},[467],[329,11722,11724],{"className":11723},[472,473,474,475],[329,11725,11727],{"className":11726},[437,475],[329,11728,6630],{"className":11729,"style":631},[437,441,475],[329,11731,490],{"className":11732},[489],[329,11734,11736],{"className":11735},[455],[329,11737,11739],{"className":11738,"style":591},[459],[329,11740],{},[329,11742],{"className":11743},[597,526],[329,11745,10154],{"className":11746},[597],[254,11748,11450],{},[236,11750,11751,11754,11757,11931],{},[254,11752,11753],{},"EVA",[254,11755,11756],{},"Evanescent Mode",[254,11758,11759],{},[329,11760,11762,11796],{"className":11761},[336],[329,11763,11765],{"className":11764},[340],[342,11766,11767],{"xmlns":344},[347,11768,11769,11793],{},[350,11770,11771,11773,11779,11785,11787,11789,11791],{},[371,11772,10133],{"stretchy":378},[353,11774,11775,11777],{},[356,11776,1715],{},[356,11778,871],{},[380,11780,11781,11783],{},[356,11782,6630],{},[356,11784,6633],{},[371,11786,3470],{"separator":424},[844,11788,3697],{},[356,11790,3451],{"mathvariant":1225},[371,11792,10154],{"stretchy":378},[416,11794,11795],{"encoding":418},"[n_e\\frac{\\omega}{c},\\ \\infty]",[329,11797,11799],{"className":11798,"ariaHidden":424},[423],[329,11800,11802,11805,11808,11848,11916,11919,11922,11925,11928],{"className":11801},[428],[329,11803],{"className":11804,"style":10167},[432],[329,11806,10133],{"className":11807},[525],[329,11809,11811,11814],{"className":11810},[437],[329,11812,1715],{"className":11813},[437,441],[329,11815,11817],{"className":11816},[446],[329,11818,11820,11840],{"className":11819},[450,451],[329,11821,11823,11837],{"className":11822},[455],[329,11824,11826],{"className":11825,"style":616},[459],[329,11827,11828,11831],{"style":998},[329,11829],{"className":11830,"style":468},[467],[329,11832,11834],{"className":11833},[472,473,474,475],[329,11835,871],{"className":11836},[437,441,475],[329,11838,490],{"className":11839},[489],[329,11841,11843],{"className":11842},[455],[329,11844,11846],{"className":11845,"style":497},[459],[329,11847],{},[329,11849,11851,11854,11913],{"className":11850},[437],[329,11852],{"className":11853},[525,526],[329,11855,11857],{"className":11856},[380],[329,11858,11860,11905],{"className":11859},[450,451],[329,11861,11863,11902],{"className":11862},[455],[329,11864,11866,11880,11888],{"className":11865,"style":10241},[459],[329,11867,11868,11871],{"style":542},[329,11869],{"className":11870,"style":546},[467],[329,11872,11874],{"className":11873},[472,473,474,475],[329,11875,11877],{"className":11876},[437,475],[329,11878,6633],{"className":11879},[437,441,475],[329,11881,11882,11885],{"style":558},[329,11883],{"className":11884,"style":546},[467],[329,11886],{"className":11887,"style":566},[565],[329,11889,11890,11893],{"style":569},[329,11891],{"className":11892,"style":546},[467],[329,11894,11896],{"className":11895},[472,473,474,475],[329,11897,11899],{"className":11898},[437,475],[329,11900,6630],{"className":11901,"style":631},[437,441,475],[329,11903,490],{"className":11904},[489],[329,11906,11908],{"className":11907},[455],[329,11909,11911],{"className":11910,"style":591},[459],[329,11912],{},[329,11914],{"className":11915},[597,526],[329,11917,3470],{"className":11918},[3617],[329,11920,3697],{"className":11921},[503],[329,11923],{"className":11924,"style":976},[503],[329,11926,3451],{"className":11927},[437],[329,11929,10154],{"className":11930},[597],[254,11932,11933],{},"evanescent-wave loss, generally SPP loss",[236,11935,11936,11939,11942,12001],{},[254,11937,11938],{},"NRA",[254,11940,11941],{},"Nonradiative Mode",[254,11943,11944],{},[329,11945,11947,11971],{"className":11946},[336],[329,11948,11950],{"className":11949},[340],[342,11951,11952],{"xmlns":344},[347,11953,11954,11968],{},[350,11955,11956,11958,11960,11962,11964,11966],{},[371,11957,10133],{"stretchy":378},[383,11959,377],{},[371,11961,3470],{"separator":424},[844,11963,3697],{},[356,11965,3451],{"mathvariant":1225},[371,11967,10154],{"stretchy":378},[416,11969,11970],{"encoding":418},"[0,\\ \\infty]",[329,11972,11974],{"className":11973,"ariaHidden":424},[423],[329,11975,11977,11980,11983,11986,11989,11992,11995,11998],{"className":11976},[428],[329,11978],{"className":11979,"style":1255},[432],[329,11981,10133],{"className":11982},[525],[329,11984,377],{"className":11985},[437],[329,11987,3470],{"className":11988},[3617],[329,11990,3697],{"className":11991},[503],[329,11993],{"className":11994,"style":976},[503],[329,11996,3451],{"className":11997},[437],[329,11999,10154],{"className":12000},[597],[254,12002,12003],{},"non-radiative loss, occurs when quantum efficiency \u003C 100%",[218,12005,12006,12007,12101,12102,3782],{},"Air mode corresponds to EQE; when both Conversion Efficiency and Quantum Efficiency = 1 (default), Air mode corresponds to LEE. Air mode is also called Outcoupled / Leaky mode, and Evanescent mode is also called SPP mode. The nonradiative mode (NRA) appears only when the intrinsic quantum efficiency ",[329,12008,12010,12033],{"className":12009},[336],[329,12011,12013],{"className":12012},[340],[342,12014,12015],{"xmlns":344},[347,12016,12017,12030],{},[350,12018,12019,12025,12028],{},[353,12020,12021,12023],{},[356,12022,866],{},[383,12024,377],{},[371,12026,12027],{},"\u003C",[383,12029,385],{},[416,12031,12032],{"encoding":418},"q_0\u003C1",[329,12034,12036,12092],{"className":12035,"ariaHidden":424},[423],[329,12037,12039,12043,12083,12086,12089],{"className":12038},[428],[329,12040],{"className":12041,"style":12042},[432],"height:0.7335em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;",[329,12044,12046,12049],{"className":12045},[437],[329,12047,866],{"className":12048,"style":631},[437,441],[329,12050,12052],{"className":12051},[446],[329,12053,12055,12075],{"className":12054},[450,451],[329,12056,12058,12072],{"className":12057},[455],[329,12059,12061],{"className":12060,"style":1975},[459],[329,12062,12063,12066],{"style":1049},[329,12064],{"className":12065,"style":468},[467],[329,12067,12069],{"className":12068},[472,473,474,475],[329,12070,377],{"className":12071},[437,475],[329,12073,490],{"className":12074},[489],[329,12076,12078],{"className":12077},[455],[329,12079,12081],{"className":12080,"style":497},[459],[329,12082],{},[329,12084],{"className":12085,"style":504},[503],[329,12087,12027],{"className":12088},[508],[329,12090],{"className":12091,"style":504},[503],[329,12093,12095,12098],{"className":12094},[428],[329,12096],{"className":12097,"style":2464},[432],[329,12099,385],{"className":12100},[437],"; due to Purcell enhancement, the NRA fraction is not simply ",[329,12103,12105,12127],{"className":12104},[336],[329,12106,12108],{"className":12107},[340],[342,12109,12110],{"xmlns":344},[347,12111,12112,12124],{},[350,12113,12114,12116,12118],{},[383,12115,385],{},[371,12117,1909],{},[353,12119,12120,12122],{},[356,12121,866],{},[383,12123,377],{},[416,12125,12126],{"encoding":418},"1-q_0",[329,12128,12130,12148],{"className":12129,"ariaHidden":424},[423],[329,12131,12133,12136,12139,12142,12145],{"className":12132},[428],[329,12134],{"className":12135,"style":3237},[432],[329,12137,385],{"className":12138},[437],[329,12140],{"className":12141,"style":646},[503],[329,12143,1909],{"className":12144},[650],[329,12146],{"className":12147,"style":646},[503],[329,12149,12151,12154],{"className":12150},[428],[329,12152],{"className":12153,"style":1121},[432],[329,12155,12157,12160],{"className":12156},[437],[329,12158,866],{"className":12159,"style":631},[437,441],[329,12161,12163],{"className":12162},[446],[329,12164,12166,12186],{"className":12165},[450,451],[329,12167,12169,12183],{"className":12168},[455],[329,12170,12172],{"className":12171,"style":1975},[459],[329,12173,12174,12177],{"style":1049},[329,12175],{"className":12176,"style":468},[467],[329,12178,12180],{"className":12179},[472,473,474,475],[329,12181,377],{"className":12182},[437,475],[329,12184,490],{"className":12185},[489],[329,12187,12189],{"className":12188},[455],[329,12190,12192],{"className":12191,"style":497},[459],[329,12193],{},[12195,12196,12199,12200,12479],"callout",{"icon":12197,"color":12198},"i-lucide-triangle-alert","amber","The current Mode calculation requires the index ordering ",[329,12201,12203,12254],{"className":12202},[336],[329,12204,12206],{"className":12205},[340],[342,12207,12208],{"xmlns":344},[347,12209,12210,12251],{},[350,12211,12212,12218,12221,12227,12229,12231,12233,12239,12241,12243,12245],{},[353,12213,12214,12216],{},[356,12215,1715],{},[356,12217,4253],{},[844,12219,12220],{}," or ",[353,12222,12223,12225],{},[356,12224,1715],{},[356,12226,1882],{},[844,12228,3697],{},[371,12230,12027],{},[844,12232,3697],{},[353,12234,12235,12237],{},[356,12236,1715],{},[356,12238,366],{},[844,12240,3697],{},[371,12242,12027],{},[844,12244,3697],{},[353,12246,12247,12249],{},[356,12248,1715],{},[356,12250,871],{},[416,12252,12253],{"encoding":418},"n_t\\ \\text{or}\\ n_b\\ \u003C\\ n_s\\ \u003C\\ n_e",[329,12255,12257,12372,12433],{"className":12256,"ariaHidden":424},[423],[329,12258,12260,12264,12304,12307,12314,12317,12357,12360,12363,12366,12369],{"className":12259},[428],[329,12261],{"className":12262,"style":12263},[432],"height:0.6891em;vertical-align:-0.15em;",[329,12265,12267,12270],{"className":12266},[437],[329,12268,1715],{"className":12269},[437,441],[329,12271,12273],{"className":12272},[446],[329,12274,12276,12296],{"className":12275},[450,451],[329,12277,12279,12293],{"className":12278},[455],[329,12280,12282],{"className":12281,"style":4736},[459],[329,12283,12284,12287],{"style":998},[329,12285],{"className":12286,"style":468},[467],[329,12288,12290],{"className":12289},[472,473,474,475],[329,12291,4253],{"className":12292},[437,441,475],[329,12294,490],{"className":12295},[489],[329,12297,12299],{"className":12298},[455],[329,12300,12302],{"className":12301,"style":497},[459],[329,12303],{},[329,12305,3697],{"className":12306},[503],[329,12308,12310],{"className":12309},[437,3701],[329,12311,12313],{"className":12312},[437],"or",[329,12315,3697],{"className":12316},[503],[329,12318,12320,12323],{"className":12319},[437],[329,12321,1715],{"className":12322},[437,441],[329,12324,12326],{"className":12325},[446],[329,12327,12329,12349],{"className":12328},[450,451],[329,12330,12332,12346],{"className":12331},[455],[329,12333,12335],{"className":12334,"style":746},[459],[329,12336,12337,12340],{"style":998},[329,12338],{"className":12339,"style":468},[467],[329,12341,12343],{"className":12342},[472,473,474,475],[329,12344,1882],{"className":12345},[437,441,475],[329,12347,490],{"className":12348},[489],[329,12350,12352],{"className":12351},[455],[329,12353,12355],{"className":12354,"style":497},[459],[329,12356],{},[329,12358,3697],{"className":12359},[503],[329,12361],{"className":12362,"style":504},[503],[329,12364,12027],{"className":12365},[508],[329,12367,3697],{"className":12368},[503],[329,12370],{"className":12371,"style":504},[503],[329,12373,12375,12378,12418,12421,12424,12427,12430],{"className":12374},[428],[329,12376],{"className":12377,"style":12263},[432],[329,12379,12381,12384],{"className":12380},[437],[329,12382,1715],{"className":12383},[437,441],[329,12385,12387],{"className":12386},[446],[329,12388,12390,12410],{"className":12389},[450,451],[329,12391,12393,12407],{"className":12392},[455],[329,12394,12396],{"className":12395,"style":616},[459],[329,12397,12398,12401],{"style":998},[329,12399],{"className":12400,"style":468},[467],[329,12402,12404],{"className":12403},[472,473,474,475],[329,12405,366],{"className":12406},[437,441,475],[329,12408,490],{"className":12409},[489],[329,12411,12413],{"className":12412},[455],[329,12414,12416],{"className":12415,"style":497},[459],[329,12417],{},[329,12419,3697],{"className":12420},[503],[329,12422],{"className":12423,"style":504},[503],[329,12425,12027],{"className":12426},[508],[329,12428,3697],{"className":12429},[503],[329,12431],{"className":12432,"style":504},[503],[329,12434,12436,12439],{"className":12435},[428],[329,12437],{"className":12438,"style":4180},[432],[329,12440,12442,12445],{"className":12441},[437],[329,12443,1715],{"className":12444},[437,441],[329,12446,12448],{"className":12447},[446],[329,12449,12451,12471],{"className":12450},[450,451],[329,12452,12454,12468],{"className":12453},[455],[329,12455,12457],{"className":12456,"style":616},[459],[329,12458,12459,12462],{"style":998},[329,12460],{"className":12461,"style":468},[467],[329,12463,12465],{"className":12464},[472,473,474,475],[329,12466,871],{"className":12467},[437,441,475],[329,12469,490],{"className":12470},[489],[329,12472,12474],{"className":12473},[455],[329,12475,12477],{"className":12476,"style":497},[459],[329,12478],{},". This constraint follows from the interval-partition rules of the table above; if the structure does not satisfy this ordering, the mode partition may fail.",[12195,12481,12483],{"icon":12482},"i-lucide-info","Absorption mode is not the sum of all absorption losses. Waveguide and evanescent light are eventually absorbed too, and counting them as absorption would make the WVG and EVA modes vanish. Absorption mode includes only absorption on the TOC and SUB paths.",[222,12485,12487],{"id":12486},"mapping-to-app-outputs","Mapping to App Outputs",[230,12489,12490,12503],{},[233,12491,12492],{},[236,12493,12494,12497,12500],{},[239,12495,12496],{},"Output / detector",[239,12498,12499],{},"Physical origin",[239,12501,12502],{},"Interpretation focus",[249,12504,12505,12753,12765,12854,12866,12879,12892],{},[236,12506,12507,12511,12750],{},[254,12508,12509],{},[776,12510,119],{},[254,12512,12513,12514,8654,12590,2468,12666,1918],{},"Dissipated power vs ",[329,12515,12517,12538],{"className":12516},[336],[329,12518,12520],{"className":12519},[340],[342,12521,12522],{"xmlns":344},[347,12523,12524,12536],{},[350,12525,12526],{},[353,12527,12528,12530],{},[356,12529,6023],{},[350,12531,12532,12534],{},[356,12533,363],{},[356,12535,1715],{},[416,12537,9592],{"encoding":418},[329,12539,12541],{"className":12540,"ariaHidden":424},[423],[329,12542,12544,12547],{"className":12543},[428],[329,12545],{"className":12546,"style":2233},[432],[329,12548,12550,12553],{"className":12549},[437],[329,12551,6023],{"className":12552,"style":6115},[437,441],[329,12554,12556],{"className":12555},[446],[329,12557,12559,12582],{"className":12558},[450,451],[329,12560,12562,12579],{"className":12561},[455],[329,12563,12565],{"className":12564,"style":460},[459],[329,12566,12567,12570],{"style":6398},[329,12568],{"className":12569,"style":468},[467],[329,12571,12573],{"className":12572},[472,473,474,475],[329,12574,12576],{"className":12575},[437,475],[329,12577,6411],{"className":12578},[437,441,475],[329,12580,490],{"className":12581},[489],[329,12583,12585],{"className":12584},[455],[329,12586,12588],{"className":12587,"style":497},[459],[329,12589],{},[329,12591,12593,12614],{"className":12592},[336],[329,12594,12596],{"className":12595},[340],[342,12597,12598],{"xmlns":344},[347,12599,12600,12612],{},[350,12601,12602],{},[353,12603,12604,12606],{},[356,12605,3458],{},[350,12607,12608,12610],{},[356,12609,363],{},[356,12611,1715],{},[416,12613,7130],{"encoding":418},[329,12615,12617],{"className":12616,"ariaHidden":424},[423],[329,12618,12620,12623],{"className":12619},[428],[329,12621],{"className":12622,"style":4180},[432],[329,12624,12626,12629],{"className":12625},[437],[329,12627,3458],{"className":12628},[437,441],[329,12630,12632],{"className":12631},[446],[329,12633,12635,12658],{"className":12634},[450,451],[329,12636,12638,12655],{"className":12637},[455],[329,12639,12641],{"className":12640,"style":460},[459],[329,12642,12643,12646],{"style":998},[329,12644],{"className":12645,"style":468},[467],[329,12647,12649],{"className":12648},[472,473,474,475],[329,12650,12652],{"className":12651},[437,475],[329,12653,6411],{"className":12654},[437,441,475],[329,12656,490],{"className":12657},[489],[329,12659,12661],{"className":12660},[455],[329,12662,12664],{"className":12663,"style":497},[459],[329,12665],{},[329,12667,12669,12692],{"className":12668},[336],[329,12670,12672],{"className":12671},[340],[342,12673,12674],{"xmlns":344},[347,12675,12676,12690],{},[350,12677,12678],{},[353,12679,12680,12682],{},[356,12681,1715],{},[350,12683,12684,12686,12688],{},[356,12685,871],{},[356,12687,874],{},[356,12689,874],{},[416,12691,7210],{"encoding":418},[329,12693,12695],{"className":12694,"ariaHidden":424},[423],[329,12696,12698,12701],{"className":12697},[428],[329,12699],{"className":12700,"style":1297},[432],[329,12702,12704,12707],{"className":12703},[437],[329,12705,1715],{"className":12706},[437,441],[329,12708,12710],{"className":12709},[446],[329,12711,12713,12742],{"className":12712},[450,451],[329,12714,12716,12739],{"className":12715},[455],[329,12717,12719],{"className":12718,"style":746},[459],[329,12720,12721,12724],{"style":998},[329,12722],{"className":12723,"style":468},[467],[329,12725,12727],{"className":12726},[472,473,474,475],[329,12728,12730,12733,12736],{"className":12729},[437,475],[329,12731,871],{"className":12732},[437,441,475],[329,12734,874],{"className":12735,"style":1065},[437,441,475],[329,12737,874],{"className":12738,"style":1065},[437,441,475],[329,12740,490],{"className":12741},[489],[329,12743,12745],{"className":12744},[455],[329,12746,12748],{"className":12747,"style":1078},[459],[329,12749],{},[254,12751,12752],{},"Per-channel dispersion, waveguide peaks, and SPP features",[236,12754,12755,12759,12762],{},[254,12756,12757],{},[776,12758,123],{},[254,12760,12761],{},"Dipole emission intensity exiting the stack",[254,12763,12764],{},"Forward emission intensity vs angle/wavelength",[236,12766,12767,12772,12851],{},[254,12768,12769],{},[776,12770,12771],{},"Mode",[254,12773,12774,12775,10103],{},"Loss shares partitioned by ",[329,12776,12778,12799],{"className":12777},[336],[329,12779,12781],{"className":12780},[340],[342,12782,12783],{"xmlns":344},[347,12784,12785,12797],{},[350,12786,12787],{},[353,12788,12789,12791],{},[356,12790,6023],{},[350,12792,12793,12795],{},[356,12794,363],{},[356,12796,1715],{},[416,12798,9592],{"encoding":418},[329,12800,12802],{"className":12801,"ariaHidden":424},[423],[329,12803,12805,12808],{"className":12804},[428],[329,12806],{"className":12807,"style":2233},[432],[329,12809,12811,12814],{"className":12810},[437],[329,12812,6023],{"className":12813,"style":6115},[437,441],[329,12815,12817],{"className":12816},[446],[329,12818,12820,12843],{"className":12819},[450,451],[329,12821,12823,12840],{"className":12822},[455],[329,12824,12826],{"className":12825,"style":460},[459],[329,12827,12828,12831],{"style":6398},[329,12829],{"className":12830,"style":468},[467],[329,12832,12834],{"className":12833},[472,473,474,475],[329,12835,12837],{"className":12836},[437,475],[329,12838,6411],{"className":12839},[437,441,475],[329,12841,490],{"className":12842},[489],[329,12844,12846],{"className":12845},[455],[329,12847,12849],{"className":12848,"style":497},[459],[329,12850],{},[254,12852,12853],{},"TOC/SUB/ABS/WVG/EVA/NRA shares and EQE, LEE",[236,12855,12856,12860,12863],{},[254,12857,12858],{},[776,12859,127],{},[254,12861,12862],{},"Color representation of exit intensity",[254,12864,12865],{},"Intensity color distribution vs wavelength",[236,12867,12868,12873,12876],{},[254,12869,12870],{},[776,12871,12872],{},"Normalized Spectrum",[254,12874,12875],{},"Intensity vs wavelength (normalized)",[254,12877,12878],{},"Forward emission spectral shape",[236,12880,12881,12886,12889],{},[254,12882,12883],{},[776,12884,12885],{},"Normalized Angular Distribution",[254,12887,12888],{},"Intensity vs angle (normalized)",[254,12890,12891],{},"Forward angular intensity distribution",[236,12893,12894,12899,12931],{},[254,12895,12896],{},[776,12897,12898],{},"Emission",[254,12900,12901,12902,12930],{},"Combined output of Purcell factor ",[329,12903,12905,12918],{"className":12904},[336],[329,12906,12908],{"className":12907},[340],[342,12909,12910],{"xmlns":344},[347,12911,12912,12916],{},[350,12913,12914],{},[356,12915,1899],{},[416,12917,1899],{"encoding":418},[329,12919,12921],{"className":12920,"ariaHidden":424},[423],[329,12922,12924,12927],{"className":12923},[428],[329,12925],{"className":12926,"style":943},[432],[329,12928,1899],{"className":12929,"style":1014},[437,441],", effective quantum efficiency, etc.",[254,12932,12933,12934,1918],{},"Structural modulation of spontaneous emission (including the wavelength dependence of ",[329,12935,12937,12950],{"className":12936},[336],[329,12938,12940],{"className":12939},[340],[342,12941,12942],{"xmlns":344},[347,12943,12944,12948],{},[350,12945,12946],{},[356,12947,1899],{},[416,12949,1899],{"encoding":418},[329,12951,12953],{"className":12952,"ariaHidden":424},[423],[329,12954,12956,12959],{"className":12955},[428],[329,12957],{"className":12958,"style":943},[432],[329,12960,1899],{"className":12961,"style":1014},[437,441],[222,12963,12965],{"id":12964},"next","Next",[218,12967,12968,12969,7183,12973,3782],{},"Continue with ",[12970,12971,12972],"a",{"href":71},"Emission Overview",[12970,12974,78],{"href":79},{"title":12976,"searchDepth":12977,"depth":12977,"links":12978},"",2,[12979,12980,12981,12982,12983,12984,12985,12986],{"id":224,"depth":12977,"text":225},{"id":323,"depth":12977,"text":324},{"id":791,"depth":12977,"text":792},{"id":4224,"depth":12977,"text":4225},{"id":6001,"depth":12977,"text":6002},{"id":9724,"depth":12977,"text":9725},{"id":12486,"depth":12977,"text":12487},{"id":12964,"depth":12977,"text":12965},"Dipole emission, power dissipation, modes, and outcoupling in layered devices","md",null,{},true,{"title":40,"description":12987},"42UsKD6mjyiTphQ5YHRCQVPkg2_ovErfM4K7PkpYv5Q",[12995,12997],{"title":36,"path":37,"stem":38,"description":12996,"children":-1},"Phase, group delay, GDD, and differential group delay from thin-film transfer matrices",{"title":49,"path":50,"stem":51,"description":12998,"children":-1},"Structural modeling, layer stacks, and validation",1782152029627]