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Each emissive layer (EML) holds its own independent list of emitters; the emitter parameters define the dipole spectrum type, spatial distribution, orientation, and efficiency — all serve as inputs to the emission simulation. Before starting this section, build the device layer stack (layer order, thickness, refractive-index model, layer groups, and surrounding media) following ",[227,228,49],"a",{"href":50},"; this section only marks an emissive layer on that structure and configures its emitters.",[231,232,234],"h2",{"id":233},"marking-an-emissive-layer","Marking an emissive layer",[218,236,237,238,241,242,245],{},"In the Structure page layer table, every Layer row has an ",[222,239,240],{},"Emis."," column (header ",[243,244,240],"code",{},"). Click the toggle switch in that column to mark the layer as an emissive layer (EML).",[218,247,248],{},[249,250],"img",{"alt":251,"src":252},"Structure page Emis. column toggle","/images/emission/structure-eml-toggle.png",[218,254,255],{},[222,256,257],{},"Toggle-on behavior",[259,260,261,269],"ul",{},[262,263,264,265,268],"li",{},"If the layer's emitter list is empty, the system automatically seeds one default emitter (named ",[243,266,267],{},"Emitter 1",") and expands the emitter editor for that layer.",[262,270,271],{},"The emitter editor appears as an expansion row beneath the layer; click the EML pill in the layer type column to collapse or expand it.",[218,273,274],{},[222,275,276],{},"Toggle-off behavior (non-destructive)",[259,278,279,282],{},[262,280,281],{},"Turning off the Emis. switch does not delete existing emitter data; the editor collapses but data is preserved.",[262,283,284],{},"Re-enabling the switch restores the full emitter list.",[218,286,287],{},[222,288,289],{},"Multi-EML support",[218,291,292],{},"Multiple layers can be marked as EML simultaneously. Each layer holds its own independent emitter list.",[218,294,295],{},[222,296,297],{},"Layer Group-nested layers",[218,299,300],{},"Layers inside a Layer Group also support the Emis. toggle. The Optics page inspects both top-level and group-nested layers to determine whether any emissive layer (EML) is active.",[302,303,305],"callout",{"icon":304},"i-lucide-info","While a calculation is in progress, the Emis. toggle and the emitter editor are both locked and cannot be modified.",[231,307,309],{"id":308},"emitter-editor","Emitter editor",[218,311,312],{},"The emitter editor displays all emitter cards for the selected layer. Each card header provides an enable/disable toggle, move up, move down, duplicate, and delete controls; the card body is a 4-column grid containing all fields below.",[218,314,315],{},[249,316],{"alt":309,"src":317},"/images/emission/emitter-editor.png",[319,320,321,337],"table",{},[322,323,324],"thead",{},[325,326,327,331,334],"tr",{},[328,329,330],"th",{},"Field",[328,332,333],{},"Control / Range / Unit",[328,335,336],{},"Meaning (1 line)",[338,339,340,357,385,407,436,452,481,496,521,536,556,572,586,599],"tbody",{},[325,341,342,348,354],{},[343,344,345],"td",{},[222,346,347],{},"Emitter name",[343,349,350,351],{},"Text input; default ",[243,352,353],{},"Emitter {index}",[343,355,356],{},"Display label only; no physical effect",[325,358,359,364,377],{},[343,360,361],{},[222,362,363],{},"Spectrum Type",[343,365,366,367,370,371,374,375],{},"Dropdown: ",[243,368,369],{},"Unit White"," / ",[243,372,373],{},"File","; default ",[243,376,369],{},[343,378,379,381,382,384],{},[243,380,369],{}," = flat unit spectrum; ",[243,383,373],{}," = custom measured or theoretical spectrum",[325,386,387,392,404],{},[343,388,389],{},[222,390,391],{},"Spectrum File",[343,393,394,395,370,398,401,402],{},"File upload (",[243,396,397],{},".txt",[243,399,400],{},".pl",", ≤ 2 MB, 2 columns: wavelength intensity); shown only when Spectrum Type = ",[243,403,373],{},[343,405,406],{},"External or theoretical emission spectrum, replacing the flat white approximation",[325,408,409,414,430],{},[343,410,411],{},[222,412,413],{},"Dipole Orientation",[343,415,366,416,370,419,370,422,370,425,374,428],{},[243,417,418],{},"Isotropic",[243,420,421],{},"Parallel",[243,423,424],{},"Perpendicular",[243,426,427],{},"Custom",[243,429,418],{},[343,431,432,433],{},"Orientation controls TE/TM coupling ratio and far-field angular distribution; ",[227,434,435],{"href":41},"see theory page",[325,437,438,443,449],{},[343,439,440],{},[222,441,442],{},"Vertical Fraction (0-1)",[343,444,445,446,448],{},"Slider + number input; range 0–1, step 0.01; enabled only when orientation = ",[243,447,427],{},"; default ≈ 0.333",[343,450,451],{},"Fraction of perpendicular (vertical) dipoles: 0 = all parallel, 1 = all perpendicular, 1/3 = isotropic",[325,453,454,459,474],{},[343,455,456],{},[222,457,458],{},"Distribution",[343,460,366,461,370,464,370,467,370,470,374,472],{},[243,462,463],{},"Delta",[243,465,466],{},"Exponential",[243,468,469],{},"Gaussian",[243,471,373],{},[243,473,463],{},[343,475,476,477],{},"Spatial profile of the emitter across the layer thickness; ",[227,478,480],{"href":479},"#dipole-distribution","see Dipole distribution below",[325,482,483,488,493],{},[343,484,485],{},[222,486,487],{},"Position (0-1)",[343,489,490,491],{},"Slider + number input; range 0–1, step 0.01; default 0.5; hidden when Distribution = ",[243,492,373],{},[343,494,495],{},"Relative position inside the layer: 0 = near top surface (incidence side), 1 = near bottom surface (transmission side)",[325,497,498,503,518],{},[343,499,500],{},[222,501,502],{},"Width",[343,504,505,506,370,509,370,512,515,516],{},"Number input + unit select (",[243,507,508],{},"nm",[243,510,511],{},"um",[243,513,514],{},"mm","); > 0; default 10 nm; disabled when Distribution = ",[243,517,463],{},[343,519,520],{},"Gaussian standard deviation or exponential decay length; profile is sampled inside the layer and renormalized",[325,522,523,528,533],{},[343,524,525],{},[222,526,527],{},"Samples",[343,529,530,531],{},"Integer input; range 1–100; default 10; disabled when Distribution = ",[243,532,463],{},[343,534,535],{},"Number of point dipoles used to approximate the distribution; Delta always uses a single point",[325,537,538,543,553],{},[343,539,540],{},[222,541,542],{},"Distribution File",[343,544,394,545,370,547,550,551],{},[243,546,397],{},[243,548,549],{},".csv",", ≤ 2 MB, 2 columns: position density); shown only when Distribution = ",[243,552,373],{},[343,554,555],{},"Arbitrary custom emission zone profile",[325,557,558,563,566],{},[343,559,560],{},[222,561,562],{},"Conversion Efficiency (0-1)",[343,564,565],{},"Slider + number input; range 0–1, step 0.01; default 1",[343,567,568,569],{},"Product of charge balance factor and spin-statistics factor; quantifies the probability that an injected charge pair produces an exciton. ",[227,570,571],{"href":41},"See theory page",[325,573,574,579,581],{},[343,575,576],{},[222,577,578],{},"Quantum Efficiency (0-1)",[343,580,565],{},[343,582,583,584],{},"Intrinsic radiative quantum efficiency q₀, modified by the Purcell effect to yield the effective quantum efficiency. ",[227,585,571],{"href":41},[325,587,588,593,596],{},[343,589,590],{},[222,591,592],{},"Multiplication Factor",[343,594,595],{},"Number input; ≥ 0, step 0.1; default 1",[343,597,598],{},"Linear scaling applied to this emitter's intensity; used to set relative weights among multiple emitters",[325,600,601,606,618],{},[343,602,603],{},[222,604,605],{},"Lifetime",[343,607,505,608,370,611,370,614,617],{},[243,609,610],{},"ns",[243,612,613],{},"us",[243,615,616],{},"ms","); > 0, step 0.1; default 1 ns",[343,619,620,621],{},"Intrinsic radiative lifetime; modified by the Purcell factor to yield the effective lifetime. ",[227,622,571],{"href":41},[231,624,626],{"id":625},"dipole-distribution","Dipole distribution",[218,628,629,630,632],{},"The ",[222,631,458],{}," field sets the spatial profile of emitting dipoles across the layer thickness.",[218,634,635],{},[249,636],{"alt":637,"src":638},"Emitter dipole distribution preview","/images/emission/emitter-dipole-distribution-preview.png",[319,640,641,654],{},[322,642,643],{},[325,644,645,648,651],{},[328,646,647],{},"Type",[328,649,650],{},"Description",[328,652,653],{},"Width / Samples",[338,655,656,668,680,691],{},[325,657,658,662,665],{},[343,659,660],{},[222,661,463],{},[343,663,664],{},"Single point dipole concentrated at Position",[343,666,667],{},"Width and Samples are disabled (fixed single point)",[325,669,670,674,677],{},[343,671,672],{},[222,673,466],{},[343,675,676],{},"Peak at Position, exponential decay; Width = decay length",[343,678,679],{},"Both Width and Samples are configurable",[325,681,682,686,689],{},[343,683,684],{},[222,685,469],{},[343,687,688],{},"Centered at Position, Width = standard deviation",[343,690,679],{},[325,692,693,697,700],{},[343,694,695],{},[222,696,373],{},[343,698,699],{},"Arbitrary profile loaded from file; Position field is hidden",[343,701,702],{},"Width and Samples are disabled",[218,704,705],{},"Click the preview button next to the Distribution dropdown to open a dialog showing the sampled distribution curve under the current parameters.",[218,707,708],{},"The distribution is sampled inside the layer and renormalized so the total integral equals 1; absolute amplitude is governed by Multiplication Factor and Conversion Efficiency independently of the profile shape.",[231,710,712],{"id":711},"validation","Validation",[302,714,717,720],{"icon":715,"color":716},"i-lucide-triangle-alert","amber",[222,718,719],{},"Position"," must be strictly between 0 and 1 — not equal to 0 or 1. A dipole coinciding with an interface is physically invalid and the calculation will not run.",[302,722,723,724,726],{"icon":715,"color":716},"Make sure ",[222,725,502],{}," is greater than 0. A value of 0 or below triggers an in-editor warning and blocks the calculation.",[302,728,729,732,733,736],{"icon":715,"color":716},[222,730,731],{},"Conversion Efficiency"," and ",[222,734,735],{},"Quantum Efficiency"," must each be greater than 0. A value of 0 means the emitter contributes no emission; the editor shows a warning.",[302,738,739,741],{"icon":715,"color":716},[222,740,592],{}," must be greater than 0. A value of 0 effectively removes the emitter from the calculation.",[302,743,744,746],{"icon":715,"color":716},[222,745,605],{}," must be greater than 0.",[302,748,749,732,751,753],{"icon":715,"color":716},[222,750,391],{},[222,752,542],{}," must not exceed 2 MB and must contain exactly two data columns (wavelength–intensity or position–density). Files that fail this format show a parse-error message.",[231,755,757],{"id":756},"next","Next",[218,759,760,761,764],{},"After configuring emissive layers and their emitters, go to ",[227,762,763],{"href":79},"Detectors"," to select which emission detectors to run (Power Dissipation, Intensity, Mode) and configure their wavelength ranges.",{"title":766,"searchDepth":767,"depth":767,"links":768},"",2,[769,770,771,772,773],{"id":233,"depth":767,"text":234},{"id":308,"depth":767,"text":309},{"id":625,"depth":767,"text":626},{"id":711,"depth":767,"text":712},{"id":756,"depth":767,"text":757},"Mark an emissive layer and configure its emitters","md",null,{},true,{"title":74,"description":774},"0uNoT77q6JY4c-l2i2RL8qWDBTurb733SfeNwAmJm1Y",[782,784],{"title":70,"path":71,"stem":72,"description":783,"children":-1},"When to use emission simulation and the end-to-end workflow",{"title":78,"path":79,"stem":80,"description":785,"children":-1},"Configure Power Dissipation, Intensity, and Mode detectors",1782152029647]